module 5 pp. GP IIb/IIIa Antagonists in Medicine

<p>Bridging therapy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Clopidogrel (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Factor IX (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aspirin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It stimulates the release of stored von Willebrand factor (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Clopidogrel (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To reverse the effects of heparin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Induces vasodilation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Collagen is exposed, triggering platelet adhesion and activation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Von Willebrand Factor (vWF) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased bleeding time despite normal platelet count (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It activates platelets by binding to thrombin receptors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thromboxane A2 and ADP (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It uncovers fibrinogen receptors on platelets, allowing fibrinogen binding (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Primary hemostasis relies on platelet aggregation, while secondary hemostasis relies on the coagulation cascade (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It inhibits platelet aggregation and vasoconstriction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The platelet plug is temporary and composed of platelets, while the blood clot is stable and contains fibrin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Convert plasminogen to plasmin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hemorrhage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Recent surgery (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Restoration of circulation in occluded vessels (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Low platelet count (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Liver (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>24 hours (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Heparin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Direct inhibition of thrombin and factor Xa (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Porcine intestine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Heparin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Antithrombin III levels (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prevention of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Low antithrombin III levels (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Heparin use during pregnancy requires careful monitoring of clotting parameters (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>4 hours (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enhancing the activity of heparin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Treatment of hyperlipidemia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Plasmin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Binds to and inactivates Factors Va and VIIIa (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hemophilia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Competitive inhibition of plasminogen to plasmin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased bleeding (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inactivation of heparin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypotension (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Release von Willebrand Factor (VIII:vWF) from endothelial cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypotension (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Factor VIII (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Formation of a complex with tissue factor (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Recombinant factor XIII (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Warfarin reversal in life-threatening bleeding (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypotension (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The time required for platelet function to return to normal, typically 30 – 60 minutes.

Drugs like Abciximab, tirofiban, and eptifibatide that reduce thrombus formation.

They bind to fibrinogen receptors, blocking platelet aggregation.

Using GP IIb/IIIa antagonists after stopping Plavix preoperatively to prevent stent thrombosis.

Tirofiban allows 50% recovery of platelet function 4 hours after discontinuation.

Medications that dissolve blood clots by activating plasminogen to plasmin.

A precursor protein converted to plasmin, crucial for clot lysis.

The process of breaking down fibrin in blood clots.

Conditions where thrombolytics are used, like PE and ischemic CVA.

A type of thrombolytic agent used to dissolve clots.

Excessive bleeding, a potential side effect of thrombolytics.

Guidelines to follow before and during anesthesia for patients on thrombolytics.

Evaluations conducted every 2 hours for signs of neurological deficits after thrombolytics.

The process that prevents and stops bleeding, maintaining blood in a fluid state.

The widening of blood vessels, leading to increased blood flow.

Cells lining blood vessels that regulate blood flow and hemostasis.

The initial step where platelets stick to exposed collagen at a site of injury.

A clotting protein that helps platelets stick together and to blood vessel walls.

An enzyme that activates platelets, crucial for forming a clot.

The process where platelets change shape and release substances to recruit more platelets.

A substance produced by activated platelets that promotes aggregation and vasoconstriction.

The clumping together of platelets to form a temporary plug at the injury site.

The swift formation of a platelet plug that provides temporary closure of a blood vessel.

Neutralizes intrinsic and extrinsic pathways; inhibits factors II and X.

Inhibits thrombin and factor Xa, preventing clot formation.

Clopidogrel prevents ADP-induced platelet aggregation.

When desmopressin fails, fresh frozen plasma or cryoprecipitate may be tried.

Reduces bleeding by inhibiting fibrinolysis.

A protein that inhibits thrombin and factor Xa to regulate blood coagulation.

An enzyme that breaks down fibrin in blood clots, leading to fibrinolysis.

Activates plasminogen to plasmin and helps in clot breakdown.

A protein activated by thrombin that regulates coagulation and has anti-inflammatory effects.

A co-factor that enhances anticoagulant functions by inhibiting factor Va and VIIIa.

Synthetic anti-fibrinolytic that prevents clot breakdown by inhibiting plasminogen.

A synthetic anti-fibrinolytic more potent than EACA, used to reduce bleeding in surgeries.

A peptide that inactivates heparin and can prevent bleeding post-surgery.

A vasopressin analogue that increases von Willebrand factor from endothelial cells, aiding clot formation.

A plasma protein essential for stable clot formation and aggregation of platelets.

A drug to manage severe bleeding, especially in hemophilia patients.

The process of blood clot formation, critical in stopping bleeding but can cause blockages.

Medications that inhibit fibrinolysis to stabilize blood clots and prevent excessive bleeding.

A potential side effect of protamine administration, indicating a drop in blood pressure.

Products resulting from the breakdown of fibrin, indicating clot degradation.

Factors that contribute to the risk of bleeding, such as comorbidities and type of surgery.

A type of heparin derived from animal tissues, used for multiple medical conditions.

Heparin with smaller molecular size, better bioavailability, and fewer side effects.

Binds to antithrombin III, enhancing its activity against clotting factors.

A decreased response to heparin, often due to high antithrombin III activity or protein binding.

The study of how heparin is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted.

Heparin has reduced efficacy in pregnancy, does not cross the placenta.

When used in children, heparin should be preservative-free.

Anesthetic technique potentially affected by anticoagulant therapy.

Higher doses of heparin used for treatment purposes, needs careful monitoring.

Lower doses of heparin given to prevent clots.

Heparin inhibits platelet aggregation by blocking fibrin's action.