Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is a common side effect of allopurinol?
What is a common side effect of allopurinol?
- Severe abdominal pain
- Headache
- Diarrhea (correct)
- Weight gain
Which condition is allopurinol indicated for?
Which condition is allopurinol indicated for?
- Prevention of recurrent calcium oxalate kidney stones (correct)
- Management of diabetes
- Treatment of acute kidney injury
- Management of hypertension
Which of the following serious reactions can occur with allopurinol hypersensitivity?
Which of the following serious reactions can occur with allopurinol hypersensitivity?
- Fatigue
- Toxic epidermal necrolysis (correct)
- Dry mouth
- Nausea and vomiting
What is a common consequence of starting uricosuric therapy?
What is a common consequence of starting uricosuric therapy?
What should be monitored in patients taking allopurinol, especially those with renal impairment?
What should be monitored in patients taking allopurinol, especially those with renal impairment?
What is the primary mechanism leading to hyperuricemia?
What is the primary mechanism leading to hyperuricemia?
Which drug is classified as a urate-lowering drug?
Which drug is classified as a urate-lowering drug?
Which statement about colchicine is true?
Which statement about colchicine is true?
What is a common side effect of colchicine?
What is a common side effect of colchicine?
Which of the following statements correctly describes allopurinol?
Which of the following statements correctly describes allopurinol?
What role does xanthine oxidase play in uric acid metabolism?
What role does xanthine oxidase play in uric acid metabolism?
What is the most common use of colchicine in gout treatment?
What is the most common use of colchicine in gout treatment?
Which of the following correctly describes urate-lowering drugs?
Which of the following correctly describes urate-lowering drugs?
Study Notes
Gout
- Gout is caused by issues with uric acid metabolism.
- Elevated uric acid levels lead to the deposition of monosodium urate crystals in joints and tissues.
- These crystals cause inflammation.
Gout Treatment
- Drug therapy for gout focuses on treating acute gouty arthritis and lowering uric acid.
Drugs for Acute Gouty Arthritis
- Colchicine
- Plant alkaloid
- Not an analgesic
- Doesn't affect uric acid excretion or alter plasma solubility
- Reduces inflammatory response to deposited crystals
- Mechanism of action not fully defined
- Can cause gastrointestinal and hematological toxicity
- NSAIDs
- Steroids
- Rest, analgesia, ice, and time
Drugs for Lowering Uric Acid
- Allopurinol
- Inhibitor of xanthine oxidase
- Effectively blocks uric acid formation
- Metabolized to oxypurinol
- Once-daily dosing
- Can cause rare but potentially lethal side effects, including Stevens-Johnson syndrome
- Probenecid
- Moderately effective uricosuric agent
- Increases risk of nephrolithiasis
- Not used in patients with renal disease
- Has frequent but mild side effects
- Effectiveness is reduced by some medications, such as aspirin
- Uricosuric Therapy Contraindications:
- History of nephrolithiasis
- Elevated urine uric acid level
- Existing renal disease
- Less effective in elderly patients
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Description
This quiz covers the causes of gout, focusing on uric acid metabolism and the effects of monosodium urate crystals in the body. It also highlights various treatments, including drug therapy for acute gouty arthritis and methods for lowering uric acid levels. Test your knowledge on the medications used and their mechanisms of action.
