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What are the two major groups of cardiac disorders in pediatrics?

  • Structural and Functional
  • Acquired and Inherited
  • Hemodynamic and Physiological
  • Congenital and Acquired (correct)

    • What is the characteristic of cardiac disorders with increased pulmonary blood flow?

  • Decreased oxygen saturation
  • Cyanosis
  • Systemic hypertension
  • Pulmonary edema (correct)

    • What is the purpose of cardiac catheterization?

  • To assess the heart's function and hemodynamic values (correct)
  • To visualize the heart's structure
  • To provide a definitive diagnosis of cardiac disorders
  • To measure blood pressure and oxygen saturation

    • What is a crucial aspect of nursing interventions for cardiac catheterization?

    <p>Providing age-appropriate teaching and preparation to the child and parents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should the nurse monitor for after cardiac catheterization?

    <p>Bleeding at the site of insertion of the catheter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for keeping the leg immobilized after cardiac catheterization?

    <p>To prevent bleeding at the entry site</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) in children?

    <p>Tachycardia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary treatment for Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) in preemies?

    <p>Indomethacin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the defect in Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)?

    <p>Hole between the two ventricles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is associated with Atrioventricular Canal (AVC) defect?

    <p>Down syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Cardiac Disorders in Pediatrics

    • Two major groups of disorders: Congenital (aka "born with", most structural defects) and Acquired (develop later in life, e.g. bacterial endocarditis, rheumatic fever, Kawasaki disease, systemic HTN)

    Classifications of Congenital Heart Diseases (CHD)

    • Hemodynamic characteristics:
      • Increased pulmonary blood flow (too much to lungs, "pink", pulmonary edema)
      • Decreased pulmonary blood flow (too little to lungs, "blue", cyanotic)
      • Obstruction of blood flow out of the heart (can't get to lungs or body)
      • Mixed blood flow (most common)

    Fetal Circulation

    • Fetal circulation characteristics:
      • Two fetal circulatory pathways: right-to-left shunt through foramen ovale and ductus arteriosus
      • Fetal circulation changes after birth: ductus arteriosus closes, foramen ovale closes

    Tests of Cardiac Function

    • Prenatal ultrasound
    • Chest x-ray
    • Electrocardiogram (ECG)
    • Echocardiogram
    • Cardiac catheterization
    • Stress test (dobutamine or exercise)
    • Cardiac MRI

    Cardiac Catheterization

    • Invasive diagnostic procedure benefits: better visualization, actual pressures, sats, hemodynamic values
    • Risks: hemorrhage, fever, N/V, loss of pulse, transient dysrhythmias
    • Pre-procedure: complete hx & physical exam, check for allergies, age-appropriate teaching & preparation, NPO 4-6 hrs before
    • Post-procedure: monitor for bleeding, pulses, VS, heart rate, potential complications (nausea, fever, loss of pulse)

    Cardiac Catheterization Complications

    • Nausea and/or vomiting
    • Low-grade fever
    • Loss of pulse in catheterized extremity
    • Transient dysrhythmias
    • Acute hemorrhage from entry site

    Symptoms of CHF

    • Increased work of breathing
    • Tachycardia
    • Decreased pulses
    • Decreased urinary output
    • Poor weight gain
    • Diaphoresis with activity
    • Hepatomegaly
    • Cold, cool extremities, especially with stress or activity
    • JVD (jugular venous distention)
    • Decreased BP (late sign)

    Patent Ductus Arteriosus

    • Ductus doesn't close
    • Common in preemies
    • "Machinery" murmur
    • Treatment: indomethacin, cath lab, ligation

    Atrial Septal Defect (ASD)

    • Hole between two atria of heart
    • Usually asymptomatic
    • If not treated, increased risk of atrial dysrhythmia or stroke
    • Usually close on own

    Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)

    • Hole between two ventricles of heart
    • Symptoms related to size and location of VSD and amount of pulmonary blood flow
    • Fix by patching with Goretex

    Atrioventricular Canal (AVC)

    • ASD, VSD, and affected mitral & tricuspid valves
    • Associated with Down syndrome
    • Symptoms related to size of holes, degree of valvular involvement, and size of ventricles

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    This quiz is about understanding Google account settings and Drive features. It covers various options and tools available in Google Drive.

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