Golgi Apparatus Structure and Function
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Questions and Answers

What is the edge of the Golgi apparatus facing the rough endoplasmic reticulum called?

  • Apical Golgi
  • Lateral Golgi
  • Cis Golgi (correct)
  • Trans Golgi

    • Which protein is responsible for directing vesicles from the rough ER to the cis Golgi?

  • COP2 protein (correct)
  • COP1 protein
  • Clathrin
  • Dynamin

    • What is the main function of the trans Golgi?

  • Synthesis of lipids
  • Importing proteins from the nucleus
  • Degrading cellular waste
  • Further modifying and packaging proteins (correct)

    • Which of the following is NOT a modification that glycoproteins undergo in the Golgi apparatus?

    <p>Hydrogenation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are vesicles that become lysosomes primarily responsible for?

    <p>Degrading unwanted cellular components</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What modification specifically activates proteins for lysosomal destination?

    <p>Phosphorylation of mannose on sugar residues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which side of the Golgi apparatus is known as the convex side?

    <p>Cis Golgi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process called where a sugar residue attaches to the amino acid asparagine on a protein?

    <p>N-linked glycosylation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of glycosylation involves the addition of sugar residues to serine and threonine?

    <p>O-linked glycosylation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of phosphorylation in glycoproteins?

    <p>To target proteins to lysosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do glycoproteins reach the cell membrane after modification?

    <p>Through vesicle incorporation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do lysosomes have in protein recycling?

    <p>They break down worn-down proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to proteins that are recycled after they have been broken down in lysosomes?

    <p>They are modified and repackaged by the Golgi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do COPII proteins play in the Golgi apparatus?

    <p>They signal vesicles to transport proteins to the cis-Golgi.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the cis side of the Golgi apparatus?

    <p>It receives proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to proteins after the Golgi apparatus modifies them?

    <p>They are packaged into vesicles for transport.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these statements about the Golgi apparatus is TRUE?

    <p>Cisternae are stacked and connected by tubular structures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In-linked glycosylation occurs in which cellular structure?

    <p>Rough endoplasmic reticulum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which modification process involves the removal of sugar residues?

    <p>Trimming of N-linked glycosylation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is associated with the trans side of the Golgi apparatus?

    <p>It faces the cell membrane or lysosomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary structural feature of the Golgi apparatus?

    <p>Folded membrane organelle with flattened sacs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the Golgi apparatus in the cell?

    <p>Modify and sort proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of protein is involved in retrograde transport from the trans Golgi back to the cis Golgi?

    <p>COP I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which modification is crucial for lysosomal enzymes to be activated?

    <p>Phosphorylation of mannose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to proteins after they bud off the trans Golgi?

    <p>They can be excreted outside the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step of protein modification that occurs in the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

    <p>N-linked glycosylation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of trimming sugar residues in glycoproteins?

    <p>Altered destination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which side of the Golgi apparatus receives vesicles from the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

    <p>Cis Golgi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do glycoproteins with phosphorylated mannose typically go?

    <p>The lysosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the Golgi apparatus in protein processing?

    <p>Modification, sorting, and packaging of proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protein is responsible for transporting vesicles from the trans Golgi back to the cis Golgi?

    <p>COP I proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What modification occurs in the Golgi apparatus involving serine or threonine residues?

    <p>O-linked glycosylation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which compartment do proteins undergo trimming during their modification process?

    <p>Lumen of the Golgi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of modification is specifically related to targeting glycoproteins to become lysosomal enzymes?

    <p>Phosphorylation of mannose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the Golgi apparatus is incorrect?

    <p>It is involved in the formation of ribosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the cis face of the Golgi apparatus?

    <p>It is the side that receives vesicles from the rough endoplasmic reticulum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant function of lysosomes formed by the Golgi apparatus?

    <p>Breaking down cellular debris and waste</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Golgi Apparatus Structure and Function

    • The cis Golgi network is the side of the Golgi apparatus facing the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER).
    • The COPII protein complex is responsible for directing vesicles from the rough ER to the cis Golgi network.
    • The trans Golgi network is responsible for sorting and packaging proteins for their final destination.
    • The trans side of the Golgi apparatus is known as the convex side.

    Protein Modification in the Golgi Apparatus

    • N-linked glycosylation is the process where a sugar residue attaches to the amino acid asparagine on a protein.
    • O-linked glycosylation involves the addition of sugar residues to serine and threonine residues.
    • Phosphorylation of glycoproteins involves the addition of phosphate groups; this can alter protein function and targetting.
    • Trimming of sugar residues is a modification that removes specific sugar residues from glycoproteins.

    Lysosomal Targeting and Protein Recycling

    • Vesicles that become lysosomes are primarily responsible for degrading cellular waste and worn-out organelles.
    • Phosphorylation of mannose residues on glycoproteins specifically activates them for lysosomal destination.
    • Lysosomes play a role in protein recycling by breaking down misfolded or damaged proteins.
    • Proteins that are recycled after being broken down in lysosomes can be reused or degraded further.

    Transport and Function in the Golgi Apparatus

    • COPI proteins are responsible for retrograde transport from the trans Golgi back to the cis Golgi.
    • The cis side of the Golgi apparatus primarily receives proteins from the ER, modifying them and sorting them for their final destination.
    • After modification in the Golgi apparatus, proteins are packaged into vesicles for transport to their final destination.

    Golgi Apparatus Overview

    • The Golgi apparatus is a stack of flattened membrane-bound sacs called cisternae.
    • The Golgi apparatus is the main site of protein modification, sorting, and packaging in the cell.

    Glycoprotein Modification and Destination

    • N-linked glycosylation occurs in the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER).
    • Glycoproteins with phosphorylated mannose residues are typically targeted to lysosomes.
    • Glycoproteins transported to the cell membrane travel through vesicles that bud off the trans Golgi network.

    Summary of Key Points

    • The cis Golgi network receives vesicles from the rough ER and initiates protein modification.
    • The trans Golgi network sorts and packages proteins into vesicles for their final destination.
    • N-linked glycosylation is the addition of a sugar residue to an asparagine amino acid.
    • O-linked glycosylation is the addition of a sugar residue to a serine or threonine amino acid.
    • Phosphorylation of mannose residues targets glycoproteins to lysosomes.
    • COPI proteins mediate retrograde transport from the trans Golgi back to the cis Golgi.
    • The primary role of the Golgi apparatus is to process and sort proteins before they reach their final destination.

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    Description

    This quiz explores the key aspects of the Golgi apparatus, including its structure and function within the cell. Learn about the cis and trans Golgi, their roles in protein modification, and the significance of vesicular transport. Perfect for students studying cell biology.

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