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Questions and Answers
What is the edge of the Golgi apparatus facing the rough endoplasmic reticulum called?
What is the edge of the Golgi apparatus facing the rough endoplasmic reticulum called?
- Apical Golgi
- Lateral Golgi
- Cis Golgi (correct)
- Trans Golgi
Which protein is responsible for directing vesicles from the rough ER to the cis Golgi?
Which protein is responsible for directing vesicles from the rough ER to the cis Golgi?
- COP2 protein (correct)
- COP1 protein
- Clathrin
- Dynamin
What is the main function of the trans Golgi?
What is the main function of the trans Golgi?
- Synthesis of lipids
- Importing proteins from the nucleus
- Degrading cellular waste
- Further modifying and packaging proteins (correct)
Which of the following is NOT a modification that glycoproteins undergo in the Golgi apparatus?
Which of the following is NOT a modification that glycoproteins undergo in the Golgi apparatus?
What are vesicles that become lysosomes primarily responsible for?
What are vesicles that become lysosomes primarily responsible for?
What modification specifically activates proteins for lysosomal destination?
What modification specifically activates proteins for lysosomal destination?
Which side of the Golgi apparatus is known as the convex side?
Which side of the Golgi apparatus is known as the convex side?
What is the process called where a sugar residue attaches to the amino acid asparagine on a protein?
What is the process called where a sugar residue attaches to the amino acid asparagine on a protein?
What type of glycosylation involves the addition of sugar residues to serine and threonine?
What type of glycosylation involves the addition of sugar residues to serine and threonine?
What is the purpose of phosphorylation in glycoproteins?
What is the purpose of phosphorylation in glycoproteins?
How do glycoproteins reach the cell membrane after modification?
How do glycoproteins reach the cell membrane after modification?
What role do lysosomes have in protein recycling?
What role do lysosomes have in protein recycling?
What happens to proteins that are recycled after they have been broken down in lysosomes?
What happens to proteins that are recycled after they have been broken down in lysosomes?
What role do COPII proteins play in the Golgi apparatus?
What role do COPII proteins play in the Golgi apparatus?
What is the primary function of the cis side of the Golgi apparatus?
What is the primary function of the cis side of the Golgi apparatus?
What happens to proteins after the Golgi apparatus modifies them?
What happens to proteins after the Golgi apparatus modifies them?
Which of these statements about the Golgi apparatus is TRUE?
Which of these statements about the Golgi apparatus is TRUE?
In-linked glycosylation occurs in which cellular structure?
In-linked glycosylation occurs in which cellular structure?
Which modification process involves the removal of sugar residues?
Which modification process involves the removal of sugar residues?
Which characteristic is associated with the trans side of the Golgi apparatus?
Which characteristic is associated with the trans side of the Golgi apparatus?
What is a primary structural feature of the Golgi apparatus?
What is a primary structural feature of the Golgi apparatus?
What is the primary role of the Golgi apparatus in the cell?
What is the primary role of the Golgi apparatus in the cell?
What type of protein is involved in retrograde transport from the trans Golgi back to the cis Golgi?
What type of protein is involved in retrograde transport from the trans Golgi back to the cis Golgi?
Which modification is crucial for lysosomal enzymes to be activated?
Which modification is crucial for lysosomal enzymes to be activated?
What happens to proteins after they bud off the trans Golgi?
What happens to proteins after they bud off the trans Golgi?
What is the first step of protein modification that occurs in the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
What is the first step of protein modification that occurs in the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
What is the consequence of trimming sugar residues in glycoproteins?
What is the consequence of trimming sugar residues in glycoproteins?
Which side of the Golgi apparatus receives vesicles from the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
Which side of the Golgi apparatus receives vesicles from the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
Where do glycoproteins with phosphorylated mannose typically go?
Where do glycoproteins with phosphorylated mannose typically go?
What is the primary role of the Golgi apparatus in protein processing?
What is the primary role of the Golgi apparatus in protein processing?
Which protein is responsible for transporting vesicles from the trans Golgi back to the cis Golgi?
Which protein is responsible for transporting vesicles from the trans Golgi back to the cis Golgi?
What modification occurs in the Golgi apparatus involving serine or threonine residues?
What modification occurs in the Golgi apparatus involving serine or threonine residues?
In which compartment do proteins undergo trimming during their modification process?
In which compartment do proteins undergo trimming during their modification process?
What type of modification is specifically related to targeting glycoproteins to become lysosomal enzymes?
What type of modification is specifically related to targeting glycoproteins to become lysosomal enzymes?
Which of the following statements about the Golgi apparatus is incorrect?
Which of the following statements about the Golgi apparatus is incorrect?
Which of the following best describes the cis face of the Golgi apparatus?
Which of the following best describes the cis face of the Golgi apparatus?
What is a significant function of lysosomes formed by the Golgi apparatus?
What is a significant function of lysosomes formed by the Golgi apparatus?
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Study Notes
Golgi Apparatus Structure and Function
- The cis Golgi network is the side of the Golgi apparatus facing the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER).
- The COPII protein complex is responsible for directing vesicles from the rough ER to the cis Golgi network.
- The trans Golgi network is responsible for sorting and packaging proteins for their final destination.
- The trans side of the Golgi apparatus is known as the convex side.
Protein Modification in the Golgi Apparatus
- N-linked glycosylation is the process where a sugar residue attaches to the amino acid asparagine on a protein.
- O-linked glycosylation involves the addition of sugar residues to serine and threonine residues.
- Phosphorylation of glycoproteins involves the addition of phosphate groups; this can alter protein function and targetting.
- Trimming of sugar residues is a modification that removes specific sugar residues from glycoproteins.
Lysosomal Targeting and Protein Recycling
- Vesicles that become lysosomes are primarily responsible for degrading cellular waste and worn-out organelles.
- Phosphorylation of mannose residues on glycoproteins specifically activates them for lysosomal destination.
- Lysosomes play a role in protein recycling by breaking down misfolded or damaged proteins.
- Proteins that are recycled after being broken down in lysosomes can be reused or degraded further.
Transport and Function in the Golgi Apparatus
- COPI proteins are responsible for retrograde transport from the trans Golgi back to the cis Golgi.
- The cis side of the Golgi apparatus primarily receives proteins from the ER, modifying them and sorting them for their final destination.
- After modification in the Golgi apparatus, proteins are packaged into vesicles for transport to their final destination.
Golgi Apparatus Overview
- The Golgi apparatus is a stack of flattened membrane-bound sacs called cisternae.
- The Golgi apparatus is the main site of protein modification, sorting, and packaging in the cell.
Glycoprotein Modification and Destination
- N-linked glycosylation occurs in the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER).
- Glycoproteins with phosphorylated mannose residues are typically targeted to lysosomes.
- Glycoproteins transported to the cell membrane travel through vesicles that bud off the trans Golgi network.
Summary of Key Points
- The cis Golgi network receives vesicles from the rough ER and initiates protein modification.
- The trans Golgi network sorts and packages proteins into vesicles for their final destination.
- N-linked glycosylation is the addition of a sugar residue to an asparagine amino acid.
- O-linked glycosylation is the addition of a sugar residue to a serine or threonine amino acid.
- Phosphorylation of mannose residues targets glycoproteins to lysosomes.
- COPI proteins mediate retrograde transport from the trans Golgi back to the cis Golgi.
- The primary role of the Golgi apparatus is to process and sort proteins before they reach their final destination.
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