GNM Supplementary Exam: Midwifery and Gynaecology

A midwife is a healthcare professional who provides care to women during pregnancy, labor, and childbirth.

Quickening refers to the first fetal movement felt by the mother.

Dystocia refers to difficult or abnormal labor.

<p>A zygote is a fertilized egg.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Congenital hip dislocation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hyperemesis gravidarum</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>50-60 cm</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>5-10 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Threatened abortion occurs when there is bleeding from the vagina during pregnancy, but the cervix is closed and the membranes are intact.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The true pelvis is the portion of the pelvis below the pelvic brim, shaped like a funnel and is important for labor. Its diameters are a measurement of the distance between the inner pelvic bones. These are used to judge possible problems with the baby passage through the birth canal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nurses are responsible for monitoring the patient's vital signs, uterine contractions, and fetal heart rate, ensuring that the infusion is delivered at the correct rate and that the patient does not experience any adverse effects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Physiological changes during puerperium (postpartum) involve the uterus contracting back to its original size, the lochia (vaginal discharge) decreasing, and the hormonal changes in the body returning to pre-pregnancy levels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Amniotic fluid protects the fetus from injury, regulates temperature, and aids in lung development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Eclampsia is a serious condition that occurs during pregnancy or shortly after childbirth, characterized by seizures and coma, often preceded by a condition called preeclampsia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>High blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>This involves maintaining airway, managing seizures, monitoring vital signs, providing supportive care, and ensuring the safety of the mother and baby, while also assessing for preeclampsia signs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Caesarean section is a surgical procedure to deliver a baby by making an incision through the abdomen and uterus. Types include: Lower Segment (the most common), Classical (rarely used now), and a Transverse (typically used for more serious cases).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Preoperative care involves preparing the patient for surgery, including assessment of the patient's medical history. Postoperative care includes managing pain, preventing infection, promoting wound healing, and educating the patient about recovery.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Crowning is the visual appearance of the baby's head at the vaginal opening during labor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The lie refers to the relationship between the baby's spine and the mother's spine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vasa previa is a rare condition where the fetal blood vessels run across the cervical opening, which can be ruptured during labor or a vaginal exam.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Precipitate labor is a labor that progresses very rapidly - less than three hours from the onset of labor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Braxton Hicks contractions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ectopic pregnancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Meconium</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pica</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The fetal skull is composed of several bones that are not yet fused together, allowing the head to mold and change shape during labor to pass through the birth canal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Episiotomy is a controlled incision made in the perineum (the area between the vagina and the anus) during labor to enlarge the vaginal opening to prevent tearing or injury during delivery.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A partograph is a graph that is used to monitor the progress of labor. It tracks the mother's vital signs, the baby's heart rate, and the dilation and descent of the cervix over time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hyperemesis gravidarum is a severe form of morning sickness that can lead to dehydration and nutritional deficiencies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Permanent methods of family planning are those that sterilize the individual or prevent pregnancy permanently.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Labor is the process by which the baby and placenta are delivered from the uterus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Third Stage</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The first stage of labor involves the dilation of the cervix, softening of the cervix, and thinning of the cervix as the baby descends into the birth canal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Postpartum hemorrhage is the loss of more than 500ml of blood within 24 hours of childbirth. It is usually classified as early PPH occurring within 24 hours or late PPH. PPH can be caused by uterine atony, retained placental tissue, lacerations or tears in the birth canal, and problems with blood clotting.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It involves managing the patient's vital signs and ensuring that they are stable. The medical provider will need to determine what caused the PPH and take the appropriate measures to stop the bleeding, such as massage of the uterus, administering medication, or even surgical intervention.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Shoulder dystocia occurs when the baby's shoulders become stuck in the birth canal after the head is delivered. This can lead to a birth injury.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dysfunctional uterine bleeding, or DUB, occurs when there is irregular bleeding from the uterus. It can be caused by a variety of factors, including hormonal imbalances, stress, or fibroids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The uterus is a muscular, hollow organ that is located in the pelvic region of the female body. It is where the fetus develops during pregnancy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An appraisal of a newborn baby is a thorough assessment of the baby's overall health, well-being, and physiological functioning. This includes evaluating the baby's weight, length, and head circumference. It also involves assessing the baby's vital signs, reflexes, and overall appearance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Malpresentation occurs when the baby is not in the ideal head-down position for vaginal delivery. It can be caused by factors such as a breech presentation, a transverse lie, or a brow presentation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An occipital-posterior position can lead to a longer and more difficult labor. Nurses will need to assist the medical provider by providing supportive care, monitoring the mother's vital signs and the baby's heart rate, and explaining the process to the mother and family.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Uterine fibroids, also called leiomyomas, are noncancerous tumors in the uterus. The three main types are intramural, subserosal, and submucosal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It includes providing supportive care, managing pain, monitoring for complications, and educating the patient about recovery.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Leukorrhea is a whitish or yellowish vaginal discharge that is often normal and occurs due to hormonal changes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The false pelvis, or the greater pelvis, is the upper portion or the part that lies above the pelvic brim, and therefore does not affect the labor process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dystocia refers to difficult or abnormal labor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The anterior fontanelle, also known as the soft spot, is a diamond-shaped area located at the intersection of the baby's frontal and parietal skull bones.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Colostrum is the first milk produced by the mother's breasts a few days after the baby is born. It is a thick, yellow fluid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The lie refers to the relationship between the baby's spine and the mother's spine. It is important to note that the baby may be laying in a longitudinal, transverse or oblique lie.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Having multiple children</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Intrauterine growth restriction</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Previous obstetric complications</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Uterine rupture</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fetal heart monitoring</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Impact on care and wellbeing</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To detect and respond to potential maternal and fetal problems</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Educating mothers about risks and signs of complications</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Continuous assessment of both mother and baby's well-being</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It fosters collaboration between medical staff and the mother for better care</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Understanding maternal preferences regardless of medical advice</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Blood transfusions and medication management</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By offering specialized care for women with increased pregnancy risks</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Comprehensive risk assessment, proactive management, and supportive care</p> Signup and view all the answers