Glycolysis Steps

Steps of Glycolysis

Glycolysis is a 10-step metabolic pathway that converts glucose into pyruvate, generating energy in the form of ATP and NADH.

Step 1: Glucose Phosphorylation

• Glucose is converted to glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) by the enzyme hexokinase
• ATP is used as the energy source

Step 2: Phosphoglucose Isomerase

• G6P is converted to fructose-6-phosphate (F6P) by the enzyme phosphoglucose isomerase

Step 3: Aldolase

• F6P is converted to fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (F1,6BP) by the enzyme aldolase

Step 4: Triosephosphate Isomerase

• F1,6BP is converted to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P) and dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) by the enzyme triosephosphate isomerase

Step 5: Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase

• G3P is converted to 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate (1,3BPG) by the enzyme glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
• NAD+ is reduced to NADH

Step 6: Phosphoglycerate Kinase

• 1,3BPG is converted to 3-phosphoglycerate (3PG) and ATP is generated by the enzyme phosphoglycerate kinase

Step 7: Phosphoglycerate Mutase

• 3PG is converted to 2-phosphoglycerate (2PG) by the enzyme phosphoglycerate mutase

Step 8: Enolase

• 2PG is converted to enolpyruvate (ENO) by the enzyme enolase

Step 9: Pyruvate Kinase

• ENO is converted to pyruvate (PYR) and ATP is generated by the enzyme pyruvate kinase

Step 10: Pyruvate Formation

• Pyruvate is the final product of glycolysis, which can be converted to lactate, ethanol, or enter the citric acid cycle.