Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the product of the reaction catalyzed by glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase?
What is the product of the reaction catalyzed by glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase?
- phosphoenol pyruvate
- 2-phospho glycerate
- 1,3-bisphospho glycerate (correct)
- 3-phospho glycerate
What is the result of the spontaneous isomerization of enol pyruvate?
What is the result of the spontaneous isomerization of enol pyruvate?
- Formation of keto pyruvate (correct)
- Conversion of pyruvate to lactate
- Breakdown of glucose
- Generation of ATP
What type of phosphorylation occurs in Step 6 of Glycolysis?
What type of phosphorylation occurs in Step 6 of Glycolysis?
- Electron transport chain
- Substrate level phosphorylation (correct)
- Non-reversible phosphorylation
- Oxidative phosphorylation
What is the function of fluoride in blood sugar estimation?
What is the function of fluoride in blood sugar estimation?
What is the function of pyruvate kinase in glycolysis?
What is the function of pyruvate kinase in glycolysis?
In anaerobic conditions, what is the end product of glycolysis?
In anaerobic conditions, what is the end product of glycolysis?
What is the name of the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of 3-phospho glycerate to 2-phospho glycerate?
What is the name of the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of 3-phospho glycerate to 2-phospho glycerate?
What is the purpose of lactate production in glycolysis?
What is the purpose of lactate production in glycolysis?
What is the role of NAD+ in Step 5 of Glycolysis?
What is the role of NAD+ in Step 5 of Glycolysis?
Why is lactate production necessary in muscle cells during exercise?
Why is lactate production necessary in muscle cells during exercise?
What is the product of the reaction catalyzed by pyruvate kinase?
What is the product of the reaction catalyzed by pyruvate kinase?
Where do red blood cells (RBCs) derive energy from?
Where do red blood cells (RBCs) derive energy from?
What type of reaction occurs during the conversion of 2-phosphoglycerate to phosphoenol pyruvate?
What type of reaction occurs during the conversion of 2-phosphoglycerate to phosphoenol pyruvate?
What is the role of Mg++ in Step 8 of Glycolysis?
What is the role of Mg++ in Step 8 of Glycolysis?
What is the significance of step 10 in glycolysis?
What is the significance of step 10 in glycolysis?
What is the name of the cycle that lactate enters after being produced in anaerobic glycolysis?
What is the name of the cycle that lactate enters after being produced in anaerobic glycolysis?
Study Notes
an=not; aer=air; bios=life). LDH has 5 iso-enzymes. The cardiac iso-enzyme of LDH will be increased in myocardial infarcts. A summary of glycolysis is shown in Fig. 9.4. In aerobic conditions, the pyruvate enters the citric acid cycle for complete oxidation. The end product of anaerobic glycolysis is lactate which enters the Cori's cycle. Significance of Lactate Production Steps 5 and 10 are Coupled In the 5th step, for each molecule of glucose entering in the pathway, two molecules of NAD+ are reduced to NADH. The availability of co-enzymes inside a cell is limited. Therefore, this step becomes a bottleneck in the whole reaction sequence. For smooth operation of the pathway, the NADH is to be reconverted to NAD+. This can be done by oxidative phosphorylation. However, during exercise, there is lack of oxygen. So this reconversion is not possible. Therefore, the cell has to couple some other reaction in which NAD+ is regenerated in the cytoplasm itself. Hence, pyruvate is reduced to lactate; the NAD+ thus generated is reutilised for uninterrupted operation of the pathway (Fig. 9.15). In RBCs, there are no mitochondria. Hence RBCs derive energy only through glycolysis, where the end product is lactic acid.
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Description
Learn about the fifth and sixth steps of glycolysis, including the dehydrogenation and phosphorylation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and the synthesis of ATP with the help of bisphosphoglycerate kinase.
