Glycolysis Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Where does glycolysis primarily occur in most organisms?

Mitochondria

Cytosol (correct)

Nucleus

Endoplasmic Reticulum

What are the high-energy molecules formed as a result of glycolysis?

AMP and NADPH

ATP and NADH (correct)

GTP and FADH2

ADP and NAD+

Which pathway is the most common type of glycolysis?

Entner–Doudoroff pathway

Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas (EMP) pathway (correct)

Citric Acid Cycle

Pentose Phosphate Pathway

What conditions can support the occurrence of glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway without the presence of enzymes?

Oxygen-free conditions of the Archean oceans Signup and view all the answers

Who discovered the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas (EMP) pathway, the most common type of glycolysis?

Gustav Embden, Otto Meyerhof, and Jakub Karol Parnas Signup and view all the answers

Which molecule is formed from the free energy released in glycolysis?

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) Signup and view all the answers

In which part of the cell does glycolysis typically occur?

Cytosol Signup and view all the answers

Which pathway is the most common type of glycolysis?

Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas (EMP) pathway Signup and view all the answers

What indicates that glycolysis is an ancient metabolic pathway?

Wide occurrence in other species Signup and view all the answers

Under what conditions can the reactions of glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway occur in the absence of enzymes?

Oxygen-free conditions of the Archean oceans Signup and view all the answers

What is the C4 carbon fixation pathway and how does it differ from the C3 carbon fixation pathway?

The C4 carbon fixation pathway is an addition to the ancestral and more common C3 carbon fixation pathway. It reduces photorespiration by concentrating CO2 around RuBisCO, the main carboxylating enzyme, in order to enable it to work in an environment with a lot of carbon dioxide and very little oxygen. Signup and view all the answers

Who were the scientists credited with the discovery of the C4 carbon fixation pathway?

Marshall Davidson Hatch and Charles Roger Slack were credited with the discovery of the C4 carbon fixation pathway. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of RuBisCO in C3 photosynthesis?

RuBisCO is the main carboxylating enzyme in C3 photosynthesis. It catalyses two distinct reactions using either CO2 (carboxylation) or oxygen (oxygenation) as a substrate. Signup and view all the answers

How does C4 photosynthesis reduce photorespiration?

C4 photosynthesis reduces photorespiration by concentrating CO2 around RuBisCO, thereby minimizing the oxygenation reaction and the formation of toxic phosphoglycolate. Signup and view all the answers

What compartments do C4 leaves generally contain to enable RuBisCO to work in an environment with a lot of carbon dioxide and very little oxygen?

C4 leaves generally contain two partially isolated compartments called mesophyll cells and bundle sheath cells to enable RuBisCO to work in such an environment. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Glycolysis

Primarily occurs in the cytosol of most organisms
Forms high-energy molecules such as ATP and NADH as a result
The most common type of glycolysis is the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas (EMP) pathway
Can occur without enzymes under high temperatures and alkaline conditions
The EMP pathway was discovered by Gustav Embden, Otto Meyerhof, and Jakub Karol Parnas

Energy Production

The free energy released in glycolysis is used to form ATP
Glycolysis typically occurs in the cytosol of cells

Evolution of Glycolysis

The universality of glycolysis across species indicates that it is an ancient metabolic pathway

Alternative Carbon Fixation Pathways

The C4 carbon fixation pathway differs from the C3 carbon fixation pathway in that it adds a CO2-fixing step, which reduces photorespiration
The C4 pathway was discovered by Marshall Davidson Hatch and Charles Roger Slack
RuBisCO plays a crucial role in C3 photosynthesis by fixing CO2 into a three-carbon molecule
C4 photosynthesis reduces photorespiration by compartmentalizing RuBisCO in bundle sheath cells, which have a high CO2 and low O2 environment

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Description

Test your knowledge of glycolysis with this quiz. Explore the ten reactions, enzymes, and the formation of ATP and NADH in this essential metabolic pathway.