Podcast
Questions and Answers
Where does glycolysis primarily occur in most organisms?
Where does glycolysis primarily occur in most organisms?
- Mitochondria
- Cytosol (correct)
- Nucleus
- Endoplasmic Reticulum
What are the high-energy molecules formed as a result of glycolysis?
What are the high-energy molecules formed as a result of glycolysis?
- AMP and NADPH
- ATP and NADH (correct)
- GTP and FADH2
- ADP and NAD+
Which pathway is the most common type of glycolysis?
Which pathway is the most common type of glycolysis?
- Entner–Doudoroff pathway
- Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas (EMP) pathway (correct)
- Citric Acid Cycle
- Pentose Phosphate Pathway
What conditions can support the occurrence of glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway without the presence of enzymes?
What conditions can support the occurrence of glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway without the presence of enzymes?
Who discovered the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas (EMP) pathway, the most common type of glycolysis?
Who discovered the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas (EMP) pathway, the most common type of glycolysis?
Which molecule is formed from the free energy released in glycolysis?
Which molecule is formed from the free energy released in glycolysis?
In which part of the cell does glycolysis typically occur?
In which part of the cell does glycolysis typically occur?
Which pathway is the most common type of glycolysis?
Which pathway is the most common type of glycolysis?
What indicates that glycolysis is an ancient metabolic pathway?
What indicates that glycolysis is an ancient metabolic pathway?
Under what conditions can the reactions of glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway occur in the absence of enzymes?
Under what conditions can the reactions of glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway occur in the absence of enzymes?
What is the C4 carbon fixation pathway and how does it differ from the C3 carbon fixation pathway?
What is the C4 carbon fixation pathway and how does it differ from the C3 carbon fixation pathway?
Who were the scientists credited with the discovery of the C4 carbon fixation pathway?
Who were the scientists credited with the discovery of the C4 carbon fixation pathway?
What is the role of RuBisCO in C3 photosynthesis?
What is the role of RuBisCO in C3 photosynthesis?
How does C4 photosynthesis reduce photorespiration?
How does C4 photosynthesis reduce photorespiration?
What compartments do C4 leaves generally contain to enable RuBisCO to work in an environment with a lot of carbon dioxide and very little oxygen?
What compartments do C4 leaves generally contain to enable RuBisCO to work in an environment with a lot of carbon dioxide and very little oxygen?
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Study Notes
Glycolysis
- Primarily occurs in the cytosol of most organisms
- Forms high-energy molecules such as ATP and NADH as a result
- The most common type of glycolysis is the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas (EMP) pathway
- Can occur without enzymes under high temperatures and alkaline conditions
- The EMP pathway was discovered by Gustav Embden, Otto Meyerhof, and Jakub Karol Parnas
Energy Production
- The free energy released in glycolysis is used to form ATP
- Glycolysis typically occurs in the cytosol of cells
Evolution of Glycolysis
- The universality of glycolysis across species indicates that it is an ancient metabolic pathway
Alternative Carbon Fixation Pathways
- The C4 carbon fixation pathway differs from the C3 carbon fixation pathway in that it adds a CO2-fixing step, which reduces photorespiration
- The C4 pathway was discovered by Marshall Davidson Hatch and Charles Roger Slack
- RuBisCO plays a crucial role in C3 photosynthesis by fixing CO2 into a three-carbon molecule
- C4 photosynthesis reduces photorespiration by compartmentalizing RuBisCO in bundle sheath cells, which have a high CO2 and low O2 environment
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