10 Questions
During which phase of glycolysis is more ATP produced than originally consumed?
Yield phase
How are atom balance and charges balanced in the glycolysis reaction?
Atom balance is maintained by phosphate groups contributing oxygen atoms, and charges are balanced by the difference between ADP and ATP
What is the overall reaction of glycolysis?
C6H12O6 + 2ADP + 2Pi + 2NAD⁺ $\rightarrow$ 2C3H4O3 + 2ATP + 2NADH + 2H⁺ + 2H₂O
What is the cellular environment tendency for ADP?
$ADP^{3-}$ tends to exist in an ionic bond with $Mg^{2+}$
What contributes to the overall hydrogen ion count in glycolysis?
$Pi$ groups dissociating to contribute $2H^+$ overall
What is the net ATP yield per glucose molecule in glycolysis?
2 ATP
What is the overall charge of ADP in the cellular environment?
$ADP^{3-}$
How many oxygen atoms are contributed overall when each hydrogen phosphate anion binds to an ADP molecule during glycolysis?
2 O
What maintains atom balance in the overall reaction of glycolysis?
$Pi$ groups
How are charges balanced in the glycolysis reaction?
$ADP$ and $ATP$ difference
Study Notes
Glycolysis Overview
- Glycolysis is a metabolic pathway that converts glucose (C6H12O6) into pyruvate.
- Occurs in the liquid part of cells, the cytosol.
Energy Production
- Free energy released in glycolysis is used to form high-energy molecules ATP and NADH.
Characteristics
- Glycolysis is a sequence of ten reactions catalyzed by enzymes.
- Wide occurrence of glycolysis in other species indicates it is an ancient metabolic pathway.
Ancient Origins
- Reactions of glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathway can occur in oxygen-free conditions, catalyzed by metal ions.
- This is a plausible prebiotic pathway for abiogenesis.
Types of Glycolysis
- The most common type of glycolysis is the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas (EMP) pathway.
- Discovered by Gustav Embden, Otto Meyerhof, and Jakub Karol Parnas.
- Glycolysis also refers to other pathways, such as the Entner–Doudoroff pathway and various heterofermentative and homofermentative pathways.
Test your knowledge of glycolysis, the metabolic pathway that converts glucose into pyruvate, producing ATP and NADH. This quiz covers the reactions, enzymes, and significance of glycolysis in various organisms.
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