83 Questions
Which molecule is the starting substrate for glycolysis?
Glucose
What is the net ATP yield per glucose molecule in glycolysis?
2 ATP
What is the name of the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate?
Hexokinase
What is the name of the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of fructose-6-phosphate to fructose-1,6-bisphosphate?
Phosphofructokinase
What is the name of the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate to 3-phosphoglycerate?
Phosphoglycerate kinase
What is the name of the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate?
Pyruvate kinase
What is the name of the molecule that allosterically activates phosphofructokinase in glycolysis?
ADP
What is the name of the molecule that inhibits pyruvate kinase in glycolysis?
ATP
What is the fate of pyruvate under anaerobic conditions?
It is converted to lactate
What is the name of the shuttle that transports electrons from NADH produced in glycolysis into the mitochondria for oxidative phosphorylation?
Glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle
What is the name of the molecule that inhibits hexokinase in glycolysis?
Glucose-6-phosphate
What is the name of the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of glucose-6-phosphate to fructose-6-phosphate in glycolysis?
Phosphoglucose isomerase
Which molecule is the starting substrate for glycolysis?
Glucose
What is the net ATP yield per glucose molecule in glycolysis?
2 ATP
What is the name of the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate?
Hexokinase
What is the name of the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of fructose-6-phosphate to fructose-1,6-bisphosphate?
Phosphofructokinase
What is the name of the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate to 3-phosphoglycerate?
Phosphoglycerate kinase
What is the name of the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate?
Pyruvate kinase
What is the name of the molecule that allosterically activates phosphofructokinase in glycolysis?
ADP
What is the name of the molecule that inhibits pyruvate kinase in glycolysis?
ATP
What is the fate of pyruvate under anaerobic conditions?
It is converted to lactate
What is the name of the shuttle that transports electrons from NADH produced in glycolysis into the mitochondria for oxidative phosphorylation?
Glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle
What is the name of the molecule that inhibits hexokinase in glycolysis?
Glucose-6-phosphate
Which molecule is the end product of glycolysis?
Pyruvate
What is the net gain of ATP molecules produced in glycolysis?
2 ATP
What is the role of NAD+ in glycolysis?
It donates electrons to glucose
Which enzyme is responsible for the conversion of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate?
Hexokinase
What is the fate of pyruvate in the absence of oxygen?
It is converted to lactate
Which molecule allosterically inhibits phosphofructokinase, slowing down glycolysis?
ATP
What is the role of phosphoglycerate kinase in glycolysis?
It converts glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate to 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate
What is the function of aldolase in glycolysis?
It cleaves fructose-1,6-bisphosphate into two 3-carbon molecules
Which molecule is the primary source of energy for glycolysis?
Glucose
Which enzyme catalyzes the conversion of 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate to 3-phosphoglycerate?
Phosphoglycerate mutase
What is the function of enolase in glycolysis?
It converts 2-phosphoglycerate to phosphoenolpyruvate
What is the function of pyruvate kinase in glycolysis?
It converts phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate
True or false: Glycolysis is the only pathway for glucose metabolism in the human body.
False
True or false: Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm of cells.
True
True or false: The first step of glycolysis is the phosphorylation of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate.
True
True or false: Glycolysis produces more energy in aerobic conditions compared to anaerobic conditions.
True
True or false: The conversion of 3-phosphoglycerate to 2-phosphoglycerate is an irreversible step in glycolysis.
False
True or false: The enzyme aldolase catalyzes the cleavage of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate into two three-carbon molecules.
True
True or false: NADH is produced in the conversion of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate to 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate in glycolysis.
True
True or false: The enzyme enolase catalyzes the conversion of 2-phosphoglycerate to phosphoenolpyruvate in glycolysis.
True
True or false: ATP is produced in the conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate in glycolysis.
True
True or false: The conversion of pyruvate to lactate under anaerobic conditions regenerates NAD+ for use in glycolysis.
True
True or false: The Cori cycle involves the conversion of lactate produced in muscle cells to glucose in the liver.
True
True or false: Fructose-2,6-bisphosphate is a potent activator of phosphofructokinase-1 in glycolysis.
True
Carbohydrates are the only source of energy for the body.
False
The recommended daily intake of carbohydrates is 130 grams.
True
Glucose and fructose are examples of monosaccharides.
True
Lactose is an example of a disaccharide.
True
The role of carbohydrates in exercise performance includes delaying fatigue and improving endurance.
True
Consuming carbohydrates during exercise can lead to a decrease in gastric emptying.
True
The glycemic index (GI) measures the speed at which carbohydrates are absorbed and converted into glucose.
True
High GI foods can cause a rapid increase in blood glucose levels and insulin secretion.
True
The glycemic response to a food can be affected by factors such as the amount of fiber and fat in the food.
True
Carbohydrates have a direct effect on the secretion of hormones such as insulin and glucagon.
True
The recommended daily intake of carbohydrates varies depending on age, sex, and physical activity level.
True
Carbohydrates are stored in the body as glycogen in the liver and muscles.
True
Which of the following is NOT a function of carbohydrates within the body?
Regulating body temperature
Which of the following is an example of a monosaccharide?
Glucose
Which of the following is an example of a disaccharide?
Sucrose
Which of the following is an example of a complex carbohydrate?
Starch
Which of the following is NOT a factor that can influence gastric emptying during exercise?
The individual's level of fitness
Which of the following is a characteristic of high glycemic index (GI) carbohydrates?
They are typically low in fiber
Which of the following is a characteristic of low glycemic index (GI) carbohydrates?
They are typically high in fiber
Which of the following is a potential benefit of consuming carbohydrates during endurance events?
Delayed onset of fatigue
Which of the following is a potential drawback of consuming high GI carbohydrates before exercise?
Increased risk of gastrointestinal distress
Which of the following is a potential benefit of consuming low GI carbohydrates before exercise?
Steady release of energy
Which of the following hormones is involved in regulating blood sugar levels?
Insulin
Which of the following hormones is released in response to low blood sugar levels?
Glucagon
Which of the following accurately describes the role of carbohydrates in exercise performance?
Carbohydrates increase both endurance and power output
What is the glycaemic index (GI)?
The rate at which carbohydrates are absorbed into the bloodstream
Which of the following is a factor that can influence gastric emptying during exercise?
Exercise intensity
What is the process of glycolysis?
The breakdown of glucose to pyruvate
Which of the following accurately describes the role of lactate in the body during exercise?
Lactate is a fuel source for the body
What is the mechanism of the bicarbonate buffering system?
Bicarbonate reacts with hydrogen ions to reduce acidity
Which of the following is a type of muscle fibre?
Slow-twitch oxidative
What is the recommended intake of carbohydrates in the body?
100-150 grams per day
Which of the following accurately describes the process of oxidative phosphorylation?
The synthesis of ATP from oxygen and hydrogen ions
Which of the following accurately describes the predominance of muscle fibre phenotype in specific athlete cohort?
Endurance athletes have a predominance of slow-twitch oxidative fibres
What is the effect of carbohydrate intake on exercise performance?
Carbohydrate intake increases both endurance and power output
What is the role of carbohydrate in exercise performance?
Carbohydrates provide energy for exercise
Are you a biochemistry student looking to test your knowledge of glycolysis? Take this university-level quiz and answer questions about the starting substrate, ATP yield, and key enzymes involved in the process. Challenge yourself and see how well you understand this essential metabolic pathway.
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