carbohydrate untilisation Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which molecule is the starting substrate for glycolysis?

  • Galactose
  • Fructose
  • Sucrose
  • Glucose (correct)

    • What is the net ATP yield per glucose molecule in glycolysis?

  • 4 ATP
  • 6 ATP
  • 2 ATP (correct)
  • 8 ATP

    • What is the name of the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate?

  • Hexokinase (correct)
  • Aldolase
  • Glucokinase
  • Phosphofructokinase

    • What is the name of the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of fructose-6-phosphate to fructose-1,6-bisphosphate?

    <p>Phosphofructokinase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate to 3-phosphoglycerate?

    <p>Phosphoglycerate kinase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate?

    <p>Pyruvate kinase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the molecule that allosterically activates phosphofructokinase in glycolysis?

    <p>ADP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the molecule that inhibits pyruvate kinase in glycolysis?

    <p>ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fate of pyruvate under anaerobic conditions?

    <p>It is converted to lactate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the shuttle that transports electrons from NADH produced in glycolysis into the mitochondria for oxidative phosphorylation?

    <p>Glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the molecule that inhibits hexokinase in glycolysis?

    <p>Glucose-6-phosphate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of glucose-6-phosphate to fructose-6-phosphate in glycolysis?

    <p>Phosphoglucose isomerase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecule is the starting substrate for glycolysis?

    <p>Glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the net ATP yield per glucose molecule in glycolysis?

    <p>2 ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate?

    <p>Hexokinase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of fructose-6-phosphate to fructose-1,6-bisphosphate?

    <p>Phosphofructokinase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate to 3-phosphoglycerate?

    <p>Phosphoglycerate kinase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate?

    <p>Pyruvate kinase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the molecule that allosterically activates phosphofructokinase in glycolysis?

    <p>ADP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the molecule that inhibits pyruvate kinase in glycolysis?

    <p>ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fate of pyruvate under anaerobic conditions?

    <p>It is converted to lactate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the shuttle that transports electrons from NADH produced in glycolysis into the mitochondria for oxidative phosphorylation?

    <p>Glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the molecule that inhibits hexokinase in glycolysis?

    <p>Glucose-6-phosphate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecule is the end product of glycolysis?

    <p>Pyruvate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the net gain of ATP molecules produced in glycolysis?

    <p>2 ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of NAD+ in glycolysis?

    <p>It donates electrons to glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is responsible for the conversion of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate?

    <p>Hexokinase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fate of pyruvate in the absence of oxygen?

    <p>It is converted to lactate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecule allosterically inhibits phosphofructokinase, slowing down glycolysis?

    <p>ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of phosphoglycerate kinase in glycolysis?

    <p>It converts glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate to 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of aldolase in glycolysis?

    <p>It cleaves fructose-1,6-bisphosphate into two 3-carbon molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecule is the primary source of energy for glycolysis?

    <p>Glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme catalyzes the conversion of 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate to 3-phosphoglycerate?

    <p>Phosphoglycerate mutase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of enolase in glycolysis?

    <p>It converts 2-phosphoglycerate to phosphoenolpyruvate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of pyruvate kinase in glycolysis?

    <p>It converts phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Glycolysis is the only pathway for glucose metabolism in the human body.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm of cells.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: The first step of glycolysis is the phosphorylation of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Glycolysis produces more energy in aerobic conditions compared to anaerobic conditions.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: The conversion of 3-phosphoglycerate to 2-phosphoglycerate is an irreversible step in glycolysis.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: The enzyme aldolase catalyzes the cleavage of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate into two three-carbon molecules.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: NADH is produced in the conversion of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate to 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate in glycolysis.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: The enzyme enolase catalyzes the conversion of 2-phosphoglycerate to phosphoenolpyruvate in glycolysis.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: ATP is produced in the conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate in glycolysis.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: The conversion of pyruvate to lactate under anaerobic conditions regenerates NAD+ for use in glycolysis.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: The Cori cycle involves the conversion of lactate produced in muscle cells to glucose in the liver.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Fructose-2,6-bisphosphate is a potent activator of phosphofructokinase-1 in glycolysis.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Carbohydrates are the only source of energy for the body.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The recommended daily intake of carbohydrates is 130 grams.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Glucose and fructose are examples of monosaccharides.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lactose is an example of a disaccharide.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The role of carbohydrates in exercise performance includes delaying fatigue and improving endurance.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Consuming carbohydrates during exercise can lead to a decrease in gastric emptying.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The glycemic index (GI) measures the speed at which carbohydrates are absorbed and converted into glucose.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    High GI foods can cause a rapid increase in blood glucose levels and insulin secretion.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The glycemic response to a food can be affected by factors such as the amount of fiber and fat in the food.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Carbohydrates have a direct effect on the secretion of hormones such as insulin and glucagon.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The recommended daily intake of carbohydrates varies depending on age, sex, and physical activity level.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Carbohydrates are stored in the body as glycogen in the liver and muscles.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of carbohydrates within the body?

    <p>Regulating body temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a monosaccharide?

    <p>Glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a disaccharide?

    <p>Sucrose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a complex carbohydrate?

    <p>Starch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a factor that can influence gastric emptying during exercise?

    <p>The individual's level of fitness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of high glycemic index (GI) carbohydrates?

    <p>They are typically low in fiber</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of low glycemic index (GI) carbohydrates?

    <p>They are typically high in fiber</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential benefit of consuming carbohydrates during endurance events?

    <p>Delayed onset of fatigue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential drawback of consuming high GI carbohydrates before exercise?

    <p>Increased risk of gastrointestinal distress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential benefit of consuming low GI carbohydrates before exercise?

    <p>Steady release of energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following hormones is involved in regulating blood sugar levels?

    <p>Insulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following hormones is released in response to low blood sugar levels?

    <p>Glucagon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following accurately describes the role of carbohydrates in exercise performance?

    <p>Carbohydrates increase both endurance and power output</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the glycaemic index (GI)?

    <p>The rate at which carbohydrates are absorbed into the bloodstream</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a factor that can influence gastric emptying during exercise?

    <p>Exercise intensity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of glycolysis?

    <p>The breakdown of glucose to pyruvate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following accurately describes the role of lactate in the body during exercise?

    <p>Lactate is a fuel source for the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of the bicarbonate buffering system?

    <p>Bicarbonate reacts with hydrogen ions to reduce acidity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a type of muscle fibre?

    <p>Slow-twitch oxidative</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended intake of carbohydrates in the body?

    <p>100-150 grams per day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following accurately describes the process of oxidative phosphorylation?

    <p>The synthesis of ATP from oxygen and hydrogen ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following accurately describes the predominance of muscle fibre phenotype in specific athlete cohort?

    <p>Endurance athletes have a predominance of slow-twitch oxidative fibres</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of carbohydrate intake on exercise performance?

    <p>Carbohydrate intake increases both endurance and power output</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of carbohydrate in exercise performance?

    <p>Carbohydrates provide energy for exercise</p> Signup and view all the answers

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