Y1S2 010 II Biochem Glycolysis Pathway in Cellular Respiration
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Questions and Answers

What is the percentage of people with Type 1 diabetes?

  • 20-25%
  • 5-10% (correct)
  • 50-60%
  • 70-75%

What is the normal blood glucose value range?

  • 100-120 mg/dL
  • 50-80 mg/dL
  • 65-100 mg/dL (correct)
  • 120-150 mg/dL

What does the HbA1c test measure?

  • Average blood sugar level over 2-3 months (correct)
  • Average blood sugar level over 1 month
  • Insulin resistance
  • Current blood sugar level

What is the purpose of Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM)?

<p>To estimate glucose levels (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the breakdown of glycogen into glucose?

<p>Glycogenolysis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus based on the OGTT?

<p>Fasting &gt; 126 mg/dL and 2hr &gt; 198 mg/dL (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the Cori cycle?

<p>To prevent lactate accumulation in muscles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of glucagon in regulating carbohydrate metabolism?

<p>To increase blood glucose levels (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of insulin stimulating glucose consuming processes?

<p>A decrease in blood glucose levels (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of diabetes mellitus?

<p>A disorder characterized by derangements in carbohydrate metabolism (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the fate of pyruvate in an actively contracting muscle?

<p>It is converted to lactate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of glucagon on glycogen breakdown in the liver?

<p>It stimulates glycogen breakdown (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of glycolysis in cellular respiration?

<p>To generate energy in the form of ATP and intermediates for other metabolic pathways (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which cellular locations does glycolysis occur?

<p>In the liver cell cytosol (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the net ATP yield in the glycolysis process?

<p>2 ATP (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary product of glycolysis under anaerobic conditions?

<p>Lactate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of gluconeogenesis in the body?

<p>To synthesize glucose from non-carbohydrate carbon substrates (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does gluconeogenesis occur in the body?

<p>In the liver and kidneys (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Type 1 Diabetes Percentage

The percentage of people with Type 1 diabetes is estimated to be between 5% and 10%.

Normal Blood Glucose Range

The normal blood glucose value range is between 65 and 100 mg/dL.

HbA1c Test

The HbA1c test measures the average blood sugar level over the past 2-3 months.

Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM)

CGM is used to estimate glucose levels continuously.

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Glycogenolysis

Glycogenolysis is the breakdown of glycogen into glucose.

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Diabetes Mellitus Diagnosis

Diabetes mellitus is diagnosed using the Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT). Fasting glucose levels above 126 mg/dL and 2-hour glucose levels above 198 mg/dL confirm the diagnosis.

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Cori Cycle

The Cori cycle is a metabolic pathway that prevents lactate accumulation in muscles.

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Glucagon's Function

Glucagon primarily increases blood glucose levels by stimulating the liver to release stored glucose.

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Insulin's Effect on Blood Glucose

Insulin stimulates glucose-consuming processes, leading to a decrease in blood glucose levels.

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Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes mellitus is a disorder characterized by disturbances in carbohydrate metabolism, particularly with high blood sugar levels.

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Pyruvate's Fate in Muscle

In actively contracting muscles, pyruvate is converted to lactate.

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Glucagon's Effect on Glycogen

Glucagon stimulates glycogen breakdown in the liver, releasing stored glucose.

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Glycolysis Function

Glycolysis is the first stage of cellular respiration, generating energy (ATP) and precursor molecules for other metabolic pathways.

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Glycolysis Location

Glycolysis occurs in the cytosol of the liver cell.

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Glycolysis ATP Yield

The net ATP yield in glycolysis is 2 ATP molecules per glucose molecule.

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Glycolysis under Anaerobic Conditions

Under anaerobic conditions, the primary product of glycolysis is lactate.

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Gluconeogenesis Purpose

Gluconeogenesis is the synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrate carbon substrates.

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Gluconeogenesis Location

Gluconeogenesis primarily occurs in the liver and kidneys.

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