Glycolysis Part 1: The 10 Reactions Lecture 20 BCMB 401 Spring Reading: Chapter 16.1-2

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What is the main fuel source that almost all organisms use?

Lipids

Fats

Proteins

Glucose (correct)

How many transmembrane α-helices do glucose transporters possess?

8

6

12 (correct)

10

In glycolysis, what is the function of NADH?

Generate glucose molecules

Produce enzyme catalyzed reactions

Carry electrons to produce ATP (correct)

Transport glucose into the cell

During which phase of glycolysis is glucose converted to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (GAP)?

Investment Phase Signup and view all the answers

How many ATP molecules are invested in the conversion of glucose to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (GAP) in glycolysis?

2 ATP Signup and view all the answers

What is the end product generated from the conversion of two molecules of GAP during the Payoff Phase of glycolysis?

Pyruvate Signup and view all the answers

How many molecules of NADH are produced from the entire process of glycolysis?

2 Signup and view all the answers

Which type of energy is carried by NADH in glycolysis?

'Chemical' energy Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Hexokinase in glycolysis?

Phosphorylates glucose to form glucose 6-phosphate Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Phosphoglucose Isomerase?

Converts aldose sugars to ketose sugars Signup and view all the answers

Why is Phosphofructokinase considered a committed step in glycolysis?

Utilizes the second investment of ATP in stage 1 Signup and view all the answers

What does Aldolase do in glycolysis?

Cleaves a six-carbon molecule into two three-carbon isomers Signup and view all the answers

Why is Triose phosphate isomerase considered important in glycolysis?

Catalyzes a key regulated step in glycolysis Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme employs substrate-binding induced fit in glycolysis?

Hexokinase Signup and view all the answers

What is the fate of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate in glycolysis?

Harvests energy in stage 2 Signup and view all the answers

Why is the kcat /KM ratio close to the diffusion-controlled limit for Triose phosphate isomerase?

It catalyzes a reaction that proceeds towards GAP formation Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme catalyzes the reaction that produces ATP through substrate-level phosphorylation in glycolysis?

Phosphoglycerate Kinase Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of the final three reactions in glycolysis?

To generate high phosphoryl transfer potential compounds Signup and view all the answers

What compound is phosphorylated to make ATP through substrate-level phosphorylation?

ADP Signup and view all the answers

Which process involves the direct transfer of a phosphate to ADP from a phosphorylated intermediate compound?

Substrate-level phosphorylation Signup and view all the answers

What is the net result of glucose catabolism through glycolysis?

Conversion to pyruvate and ATP Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme catalyzes a thermodynamically favorable reaction in glycolysis?

Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate Dehydrogenase Signup and view all the answers

What decreases the activation energy barrier in the second half of the Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate Dehydrogenase-catalyzed reaction?

$ ext{ADP}$ phosphorylation Signup and view all the answers

Which compound has a higher phosphoryl transfer potential than ATP?

$ ext{Thioester}$ Signup and view all the answers

What happens during the formation of ATP by substrate-level phosphorylation in glycolysis?

$ ext{Phosphate}$ is transferred to $ ext{ADP}$ from a phosphorylated compound Signup and view all the answers