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Questions and Answers
What is the main product of glycolysis?
What is the main product of glycolysis?
Glycolysis occurs in the mitochondria of the cell.
Glycolysis occurs in the mitochondria of the cell.
False
Name the pathway through which glycolysis is also known.
Name the pathway through which glycolysis is also known.
Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway / EMP pathway
During anaerobic conditions, pyruvate is reduced to _____ by lactate dehydrogenase.
During anaerobic conditions, pyruvate is reduced to _____ by lactate dehydrogenase.
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Match the following terms related to glycolysis with their descriptions:
Match the following terms related to glycolysis with their descriptions:
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What is the main purpose of glycolysis?
What is the main purpose of glycolysis?
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Which molecule is the final product of glycolysis?
Which molecule is the final product of glycolysis?
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How many ATP molecules are produced in the energy generation phase of glycolysis?
How many ATP molecules are produced in the energy generation phase of glycolysis?
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Which enzyme catalyzes the first step of glycolysis?
Which enzyme catalyzes the first step of glycolysis?
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The first phase of glycolysis is known as the __________ phase.
The first phase of glycolysis is known as the __________ phase.
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Match the following glycolysis molecules with their roles:
Match the following glycolysis molecules with their roles:
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Which intermediate is produced during the breakdown of glucose in glycolysis?
Which intermediate is produced during the breakdown of glucose in glycolysis?
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Which metabolic pathway produces ATP without the need for oxygen?
Which metabolic pathway produces ATP without the need for oxygen?
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Eduard Buchner discovered cell-free fermentation in the early 1900s.
Eduard Buchner discovered cell-free fermentation in the early 1900s.
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What is the primary source of ATP in erythrocytes?
What is the primary source of ATP in erythrocytes?
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Glycolysis occurs in the ______ of the cell.
Glycolysis occurs in the ______ of the cell.
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Which of the following researchers proposed a detailed outline of the glycolytic pathway in the 1930s?
Which of the following researchers proposed a detailed outline of the glycolytic pathway in the 1930s?
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Match the following researchers with their contributions:
Match the following researchers with their contributions:
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Glycolysis can only occur in the absence of oxygen.
Glycolysis can only occur in the absence of oxygen.
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What molecule serves as a precursor to lactate in lactic acid fermentation?
What molecule serves as a precursor to lactate in lactic acid fermentation?
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Study Notes
Glycolysis Overview
- Glycolysis is a metabolic pathway that creates ATP without oxygen.
- It occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell.
- Glycolysis can occur in the presence or absence of oxygen.
- It's essential for anaerobic organisms.
- It's vital for cells experiencing low oxygen, like red blood cells and muscle cells during intense exercise.
- Glycolysis derives from combining two Greek words: glyks (sweet) and lysis (breakdown/splitting).
- It's also known as the Embden-Meyerhof-parnas (EMP) pathway.
Function of Glycolysis
- Glycolysis precedes lactic acid fermentation.
- Pyruvate made in glycolysis serves as the prerequisite for lactate in lactic acid fermentation.
- Lactic acid fermentation is the primary ATP source in animal tissues with limited mitochondria.
- In red blood cells, lactic acid fermentation is the sole ATP source due to lack of mitochondria.
- The lens of the eye relies on anaerobic glycolysis as it lacks mitochondria.
Two Phases of Glycolysis
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Phase 1: Preparation Phase
- Two phosphates are added to glucose.
- Hexokinase phosphorylates glucose to glucose-6-phosphate (G6P).
- Glucose is enzymatically phosphorylated by ATP to fructose-1,6-bisphosphate.
- Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate is split into two molecules of three-carbon glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate/ dihydroxyacetone phosphate.
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Phase 2: Payoff Phase
- Glycolysis has a cost of 2 ATP molecules while producing 2 small 3-carbon sugar molecules.
- Includes glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P).
- This energy input creates various chemical pathways.
Significance and Historical Perspective
- Glycolysis is crucial for cellular survival.
- It provides a rapid and efficient means of generating ATP, even in the absence of oxygen.
- Eduard Buchner discovered cell-free fermentation in the 1890s.
- Otto Meyerhof linked various glycolysis pieces and recreated the pathway in muscle tissue in the 1920s.
- Gustav Embden outlined a step-by-step glycolytic pathway in the 1930s.
- Arthur Harden and William Young identified the regulatory effects of ATP and discovered fructose-1,6-bisphosphate as a glycolysis intermediate in the early 1900s.
Glycolysis in a Simple Term
- Video to explain glycolysis in the form of an animated short story to help learn the process easier.
Quiz Time
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Question 1: What is the main purpose of glycolysis?
- To produce ATP.
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Question 2: Which molecule is the final product of glycolysis?
- Pyruvate
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Question 3: In which part of the cell does glycolysis occur?
- Cytoplasm
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Question 4: How many ATP molecules are produced in the energy generation phase of glycolysis?
- 2
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Question 5: Which of the following intermediates is produced during the breakdown of glucose in glycolysis?
- Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P)
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Question 6: Which enzyme catalyzes the first step of glycolysis?
- Hexokinase
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Question 7: Which molecule is used to convert glucose into glucose-6-phosphate in glycolysis?
- ATP
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Question 8: What is the net ATP yield of glycolysis?
- 2
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Question 9: Which step of glycolysis is irreversible and highly regulated?
- The conversion of fructose-6-phosphate to fructose-1,6-bisphosphate
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Question 10: Which coenzyme is required for the oxidation of G3P in glycolysis?
- NAD+
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Description
Explore the metabolic pathway of glycolysis, which generates ATP in both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. This quiz covers key aspects, including its phases and significance in various cell types, particularly during low oxygen availability. Understand how glycolysis integrates with lactic acid fermentation to supply energy within the body.
