Chapter 24 & 25 Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which enzyme cleaves non-reducing ends of the glycogen chain by adding a phosphate group, resulting in glucose 1-phosphate?

  • Transferase
  • ⍺-1,6-glucosidase
  • Glycogen phosphorylase (correct)
  • Phosphoglucomutase

Which enzyme shifts a block of three glucosyl residues from one branch to another during glycogen breakdown?

  • Transferase (correct)
  • Glycogen phosphorylase
  • Phosphoglucomutase
  • ⍺-1,6-glucosidase

Which enzyme cleaves off the glucose at the ⍺-1,6-glycosidic linkage during glycogenolysis?

  • ⍺-1,6-glucosidase (correct)
  • Phosphoglucomutase
  • Transferase
  • Glycogen phosphorylase

Which enzyme converts glucose 1-phosphate into glucose 6-phosphate during glycogen breakdown?

<p>Phosphoglucomutase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme dephosphorylates glucose 6-phosphate in the liver, allowing for glucose release into the blood?

<p>Glucose 6-phosphatase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organ maintains glucose homeostasis of the entire organism during glycogen breakdown?

<p>Liver (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What allosterically regulates glycogen phosphorylase in the liver?

<p>Glucose (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What positively regulates glycogen phosphorylase in the muscle?

<p>AMP (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What negatively regulates glycogen phosphorylase in the muscle?

<p>ATP (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What hormones stimulate glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis in the liver?

<p>Epinephrine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme cleaves non-reducing ends of glycogen chains through addition of a phosphate, making glucose 1-phosphate?

<p>Glycogen phosphorylase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme shifts a block of three glucosyl residues from one branch to another?

<p>Transferase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme cleaves off the glucose at the ⍺-1,6-glycosidic linkage?

<p>⍺-1,6-glucosidase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme converts glucose 1-phosphate into glucose 6-phosphate through exchange of a phosphate group on a phosphorylated serine at the enzyme active site?

<p>Phosphoglucomutase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organ contains an enzyme (glucose 6-phosphatase) that dephosphorylates glucose 6-phosphate, allowing for glucose release into the blood for transport to other parts of the body?

<p>Liver (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organ maintains glucose homeostasis of the entire organism?

<p>Liver (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organ uses glucose to produce energy just for itself?

<p>Muscle (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What allosterically regulates glycogen phosphorylase in the liver?

<p>Glucose (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What positively regulates glycogen phosphorylase in the muscle?

<p>AMP (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What negatively regulates glycogen phosphorylase in the muscle?

<p>ATP (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Glycogen phosphorylase

Cleaves glycogen's non-reducing ends, adding phosphate to yield glucose 1-phosphate.

Transferase

Shifts a block of three glucosyl residues to expose branch points for further breakdown.

⍺-1,6-glucosidase

Removes single glucose residue at ⍺-1,6-glycosidic branch points during glycogenolysis.

Phosphoglucomutase

Converts glucose 1-phosphate to glucose 6-phosphate, an intermediate for glycolysis.

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Glucose 6-phosphatase

Dephosphorylates glucose 6-phosphate in the liver, releasing free glucose into bloodstream.

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Liver's role in homeostasis

Organ responsible for maintaining overall blood glucose levels during glycogen breakdown.

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Regulation of glycogen phosphorylase

Allosterically inhibited by glucose; a negative feedback mechanism when glucose levels are high.

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AMP's regulation in Muscle

Positively regulated by AMP, signaling low energy charge. Stimulates glycogen breakdown for energy.

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ATP's regulation in Muscle

Negatively regulated by ATP, indicating high energy charge. Inhibits glycogen breakdown.

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Epinephrine's Role

Stimulates glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis in the liver to increase blood glucose levels.

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