Glycaemic Index Protocol: Understanding and Benefits

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According to the text, what is an emergency?

A situation where there is an exceptional and widespread threat to life, health, and basic subsistence beyond the coping capacity of individuals and the community (correct)

A situation where there is a potential threat to life and health but individuals and the community are able to cope with it

A situation where there is an isolated threat to life and health that individuals and the community can easily cope with

A situation where there is a minor threat to life and health which does not impact the community

Which group is most nutritionally vulnerable in an emergency?

Teenagers

Adults

Elderly

Children (correct)

What does the text define as 'an emergency'?

A situation where there is an isolated threat to life and health that individuals and the community can easily cope with

A situation where there is a potential threat to life and health but individuals and the community are able to cope with it

A situation where there is a minor threat to life and health which does not impact the community

A situation where there is an exceptional and widespread threat to life, health, and basic subsistence beyond the coping capacity of individuals and the community (correct)

What is meant by a 'complex emergency'?

A humanitarian crisis resulting from multiple causes like internal or external conflict, requiring an international response beyond the capacity of any single agency Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, what types of emergencies are common in Country X?

Complex conflict-related emergencies, droughts, floods (often with landslides), earthquakes, and famine Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of a 'nutrition emergency' according to the 1995 United Nations System Standing Committee on Nutrition (UNSCN) threshold system?

A situation with a Child Mortality Rate (CMR) of 2/10,000/day, Under-5 Mortality Rate (U5MR) of 4/10,000/day, and wasting of over 10% Signup and view all the answers

What does the Integrated Phase Classification System (IPC) aim to achieve?

Develop a common scale for food security classification comparable across countries and include non-nutrition indicators such as disease, access to water, and conflict Signup and view all the answers

Where have some of the largest famines in terms of excess deaths occurred?

Asia – China (1958-1962) and Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (1990s) Signup and view all the answers

What are the key differences between different emergencies according to the text?

Length, cause, impact, affected groups, and humanitarian response Signup and view all the answers

What is the most recent classification system to be developed according to the text?

Integrated Phase Classification System (IPC) Signup and view all the answers

Which region has suffered more frequent famines according to the text?

Africa Signup and view all the answers

What is the root cause for the largest famines in Asia according to the text?

Government policies that led to massive food shortages Signup and view all the answers

What are some examples of non-nutrition indicators included in the Integrated Phase Classification System (IPC)?

Disease, access to water, and conflict Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of the glycaemic index (GI)?

To rank carbohydrates based on their effects on blood glucose levels Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between glycaemic response, glycaemic index (GI), and glycaemic load?

Glycaemic response measures the speed of carbohydrate digestion, while GI measures the overall effect on blood glucose levels, and glycaemic load measures the total carbohydrate content of a food item Signup and view all the answers

How does the classification of the glycaemic index (GI) work?

It compares the blood glucose increase caused by a test food to that of a reference food for 2 hours following ingestion Signup and view all the answers

What is the main impact of rapidly digestible or absorbed carbohydrates on blood glucose levels?

They cause a quick rise in blood glucose levels Signup and view all the answers

What is the key benefit of low glycaemic index (GI) diets?

Stable blood glucose levels and improved management of diabetes Signup and view all the answers

What type of study was done by Jenkins et al. in 1981?

A study to develop the glycaemic index (GI) Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula to calculate the glycaemic load (GL)?

GL = (GI of food × grams of CHO per serving) ÷ 100 Signup and view all the answers

What is the glycaemic load (GL) value range for 'Moderate GL'?

11 – 19 Signup and view all the answers

Which type of starch has a slower rate of digestion and results in a lower GI?

Amylose Signup and view all the answers

What is the average GI of the test food calculated from in the GI protocol?

10 volunteers Signup and view all the answers

What are the GL values for 1/2 cup converted, long grain (LG) rice and 1/2 cup glutinous rice?

8 and 28 respectively Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between amylopectin and glycogen?

Presence of protein core Signup and view all the answers

What does GLYCOGEN & CELLULOSE have in common?

-CH2OH groups alternating above and below the plane, with no side chain Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference in glucose units between amylose and amylopectin?

~200 to ~20k glucose units in amylose, ~2 x 106 glucose units in amylopectin Signup and view all the answers

"Rapidly broken down, rapidly absorbed, and rapidly increase blood sugar" describes:

High GI foods Signup and view all the answers

"Slowly broken down and hence gradually increase blood sugar overtime" describes:

Low GI foods Signup and view all the answers