Understanding Glycemic Index and Exercise

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Questions and Answers

Which process involves primarily a reversal of glycolysis?

  • Lipolysis
  • Anaerobic glycolysis
  • TCA cycle
  • Gluconeogenesis (correct)

During which conditions is gluconeogenesis increased?

  • Sleep
  • Short-term fasting
  • After a meal
  • Prolonged illness (correct)

Which is an important source for the amino acid pools?

  • Pyruvate from TCA cycle
  • Glycerol from lipolysis (correct)
  • Acetyl CoA
  • Lactate from anaerobic glycolysis

What is the main function of glucose 6-phosphatase in gluconeogenesis?

<p>Converts glucose 6-phosphate into glucose (C)</p>
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Why can't Acetyl CoA be used for gluconeogenesis?

<p>It lacks a glucogenic precursor (B)</p>
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Which transporter is responsible for the movement of glucose and galactose into enterocytes?

<p>GLUT 2 (C)</p>
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What can cause pain, bloating, nausea, and flatulence after consuming dairy products?

<p>Lactose intolerance (D)</p>
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Which type of dietary fiber helps prevent constipation and promotes regular bowel movements?

<p>Insoluble fiber (C)</p>
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What is an indication of how rapidly blood glucose levels rise after food consumption?

<p>Glycemic Index (D)</p>
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Which condition may result in increased retention of water in the colon leading to diarrhea?

<p>Malabsorption syndromes (C)</p>
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What type of fatty acids are produced by the rapid digestion of dietary fiber by colonic microorganisms?

<p>Short-chain fatty acids (B)</p>
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What is the primary role of low glycemic foods when consumed before exercise?

<p>Maintain stable glucose levels during exercise (D)</p>
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Which of the following is a potential consequence of consuming high-glycemic index foods?

<p>Insulin resistance (A)</p>
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What is the primary function of hepatocytes in the liver with regards to glucose?

<p>ATP generation (D)</p>
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How does insulin affect glucose uptake within the liver?

<p>Promotes glucose uptake for fuel and storage (A)</p>
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What is the fate of most Fructose and Galactose when they reach the liver?

<p>Stored as glycogen or triacylglycerol (C)</p>
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Why is it important that the liver does not require insulin for the direct uptake of glucose?

<p>To ensure a constant supply of glucose to vital organs (B)</p>
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What is the role of UDP-glucoronate in the body?

<p>Increase blood solubility for excretion (C)</p>
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Where are glycoproteins primarily found in the body?

<p>Endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex (C)</p>
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Which type of molecules are glycolipids?

<p>Carbohydrate chains attached to lipids (B)</p>
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How does insulin affect glucose storage in the body?

<p>Facilitates glucose storage as glycogen in muscles and liver (B)</p>
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Why is impaired insulin signaling a key factor leading to hyperglycemia in Type 2 diabetics?

<p>Reduced insulin sensitivity in cells (A)</p>
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Which substrates contribute to the production of glucose during gluconeogenesis?

<p>Glycerol and amino acids (C)</p>
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What is the primary cause of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)?

<p>Insulin resistance, diabetes type 2, and obesity (A)</p>
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Which condition is characterized by an increase in production of triglycerides due to excess fructose metabolism?

<p>Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) (B)</p>
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What are the symptoms of hypoglycemia?

<p>Light-headedness, confusion, and coma (C)</p>
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Which hormone promotes gluconeogenesis and lipolysis while inhibiting glycolysis?

<p>Glucagon (A)</p>
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What is the fate of lactate produced during anaerobic glycolysis?

<p>Used as energy by heart and skeletal muscle (D)</p>
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Which process involves the oxidation of glucose to pyruvate followed by the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA?

<p>Glycolysis (C)</p>
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What is the primary function of aerobic glycolysis in mitochondria?

<p>Generates intermediates for biosynthetic pathways (B)</p>
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