30 Questions
Which process involves primarily a reversal of glycolysis?
Gluconeogenesis
During which conditions is gluconeogenesis increased?
Prolonged illness
Which is an important source for the amino acid pools?
Glycerol from lipolysis
What is the main function of glucose 6-phosphatase in gluconeogenesis?
Converts glucose 6-phosphate into glucose
Why can't Acetyl CoA be used for gluconeogenesis?
It lacks a glucogenic precursor
Which transporter is responsible for the movement of glucose and galactose into enterocytes?
GLUT 2
What can cause pain, bloating, nausea, and flatulence after consuming dairy products?
Lactose intolerance
Which type of dietary fiber helps prevent constipation and promotes regular bowel movements?
Insoluble fiber
What is an indication of how rapidly blood glucose levels rise after food consumption?
Glycemic Index
Which condition may result in increased retention of water in the colon leading to diarrhea?
Malabsorption syndromes
What type of fatty acids are produced by the rapid digestion of dietary fiber by colonic microorganisms?
Short-chain fatty acids
What is the primary role of low glycemic foods when consumed before exercise?
Maintain stable glucose levels during exercise
Which of the following is a potential consequence of consuming high-glycemic index foods?
Insulin resistance
What is the primary function of hepatocytes in the liver with regards to glucose?
ATP generation
How does insulin affect glucose uptake within the liver?
Promotes glucose uptake for fuel and storage
What is the fate of most Fructose and Galactose when they reach the liver?
Stored as glycogen or triacylglycerol
Why is it important that the liver does not require insulin for the direct uptake of glucose?
To ensure a constant supply of glucose to vital organs
What is the role of UDP-glucoronate in the body?
Increase blood solubility for excretion
Where are glycoproteins primarily found in the body?
Endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex
Which type of molecules are glycolipids?
Carbohydrate chains attached to lipids
How does insulin affect glucose storage in the body?
Facilitates glucose storage as glycogen in muscles and liver
Why is impaired insulin signaling a key factor leading to hyperglycemia in Type 2 diabetics?
Reduced insulin sensitivity in cells
Which substrates contribute to the production of glucose during gluconeogenesis?
Glycerol and amino acids
What is the primary cause of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)?
Insulin resistance, diabetes type 2, and obesity
Which condition is characterized by an increase in production of triglycerides due to excess fructose metabolism?
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)
What are the symptoms of hypoglycemia?
Light-headedness, confusion, and coma
Which hormone promotes gluconeogenesis and lipolysis while inhibiting glycolysis?
Glucagon
What is the fate of lactate produced during anaerobic glycolysis?
Used as energy by heart and skeletal muscle
Which process involves the oxidation of glucose to pyruvate followed by the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA?
Glycolysis
What is the primary function of aerobic glycolysis in mitochondria?
Generates intermediates for biosynthetic pathways
Learn about the different types of foods based on their glycemic index levels and how they can impact glucose levels during exercise. Explore the effects of low-glycemic and high-glycemic foods on energy levels, insulin resistance, and overall health.
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