Gluteal Region Anatomy
30 Questions
3 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the obturator internus muscle?

  • Extends the thigh
  • Laterally rotates the thigh (correct)
  • Flexes the thigh
  • Adducts the thigh
  • What is the innervation of the gemellus inferior muscle?

  • N to obturator internus
  • Sacral plexus (correct)
  • N to quadratus femoris
  • Superior gluteal nerve
  • From where does the quadratus femoris originate?

  • Pelvic surface of obturator foramen
  • Lateral aspect of ischial tuberosity (correct)
  • Greater trochanter
  • Ischial tuberosity
  • Which structures traverse the infrapiriform foramen?

    <p>Pudendal nerve and internal pudendal vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the insertion point of the obturator externus muscle?

    <p>Trochanteric fossa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the gluteus maximus muscle?

    <p>Most powerful extensor of the thigh</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is involved in the Trendelenburg sign?

    <p>Gluteus medius and minimus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the innervation of the gluteus medius muscle?

    <p>Superior gluteal nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following muscles is responsible for laterally rotating the extended thigh?

    <p>Piriformis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the gluteus minimus muscle insert?

    <p>Lateral aspect of greater trochanter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is primarily responsible for laterally rotating the thigh and has its origin at the ischial tuberosity?

    <p>Gemellus inferior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary action of the quadratus femoris muscle?

    <p>Laterally rotates the thigh and assists in adduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure traverses the lesser sciatic foramen?

    <p>Obturator internus muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What nerve innervates the obturator externus muscle?

    <p>Posterior branch of obturator nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following muscles has its insertion at the trochanteric fossa?

    <p>Obturator externus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the origin of the gluteus maximus muscle?

    <p>Ileum posterior to the post-gluteal line, sacrum, coccyx, and sacrotuberal ligament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle functions as the most powerful abductor of the thigh?

    <p>Gluteus medius</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What nerve innervates the gluteus minimus muscle?

    <p>Superior gluteal nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle's origin is on the dorsal surface of the ischial spine?

    <p>Gemellus superior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the piriformis muscle?

    <p>Laterally rotates and abducts the flexed thigh</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the gluteus minimus muscle?

    <p>Medial rotation and abduction of the thigh</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is innervated by the inferior gluteal nerve?

    <p>Gluteus maximus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the innervation of the obturator internus muscle?

    <p>L5 - S1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the insertion point of the piriformis muscle?

    <p>Lateral aspect of the greater trochanter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following muscles assists in adduction of the thigh?

    <p>Quadratus femoris</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common function of the obturator internus, gemellus inferior, and obturator externus muscles?

    <p>Laterally rotates the thigh</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is affected when a Trendelenburg sign is observed?

    <p>Gluteus medius and minimus muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the gemellus inferior muscle insert?

    <p>Trochanteric fossa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle primarily abducts and medially rotates the thigh?

    <p>Gluteus medius</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following structures traverses the suprapiriform foramen?

    <p>Superior gluteal vein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Gluteal Region

    • Cutaneous Nerves:
      • Cluneal nerves: superior, middle, and inferior
    • Gluteus Maximus Muscle:
      • Origin: Ilium (posterior to the post. gluteal line), posterolateral aspect of sacrum & coccyx, sacrotuberal ligament, gluteal fascia
      • Insertion: Gluteal tuberosity & ilitibial tract
      • Nerve: Inferior Gluteal nerve
      • Function: Most powerful extensor of thigh. Upper fibers abduct, lower fibers adduct thigh. Tenses fascia lata.
    • Gluteus Medius Muscle:
      • Origin: Lateral surface of ilium between the posterior & anterior gluteal lines
      • Insertion: Lateral aspect of greater trochanter
      • Nerve: Superior Gluteal nerve
      • Function: Most powerful abductor of thigh. Anterior fibers medially rotate & flex, posterior fibers laterally rotate & extend thigh.

    Trendelenburg Sign

    • This indicates a lesion to the gluteus medius & gluteus minimus muscles (superior gluteal nerve).
    • Causes dipping of the pelvis on the good side.
    • Gluteus Minimus Muscle:
      • Origin: Lateral surface of ilium between anterior & inferior gluteal lines
      • Insertion: Upper part of greater trochanter
      • Nerve: Superior Gluteal nerve
      • Function: Medial rotation, abduction, & flexion of the thigh
    • Piriformis Muscle:
      • Origin: Anterolateral aspect of pelvic sacral foramina 2-4, sacrotuberal ligament & articular capsule of sacroiliac joint
      • Insertion: Upper part of greater trochanter
      • Nerve: Sacral plexus (L5 - S2)
      • Function: Laterally rotates extended thigh, abducts flexed thigh
    • Gemellus Superior Muscle
      • Origin: Dorsal surface of ischial spine
      • Insertion: Joins obturator internus muscle and inserts to trochanteric fossa
      • Nerve: Sacral plexus (L5 -S1)
      • Function: Laterally rotates thigh
    • Obturator Internus Muscle:
      • Origin: Pelvic surface of obturator foramen & obturator membrane
      • Insertion: Traverses lesser sciatic foramen & inserts to trochanteric fossa
      • Nerve: Nerve to obturator internus (L5 - S1)
      • Function: Laterally rotates thigh
    • Gemellus Inferior Muscle:
      • Origin: Ischial tuberosity
      • Insertion: Trochanteric fossa
      • Nerve: Sacral plexus (L5 - S1)
      • Function: Laterally rotates thigh
    • Quadratus Femoris Muscle:
      • Origin: Lateral aspect of ischial tuberosity
      • Insertion: Intertrochanteric crest
      • Nerve: Nerve to quadratus femoris (L5 - S1)
      • Function: Laterally rotates the thigh, assists adduction.
    • Obturator Externus Muscle:
      • Origin: Lateral surface of obturator foramen & obturator membrane
      • Insertion: Trochanteric fossa
      • Nerve: Posterior branch of obturator nerve (L3-4)
      • Function: Laterally rotates thigh

    Foramina in the Gluteal Region

    • Suprapiriform Foramen:
      • Superior gluteal vessels
    • Infrapiriform Foramen:
      • Inferior gluteal vessels
      • Internal pudendal vessels
      • Pudendal nerve
      • Sciatic nerve
      • Posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh
    • Lesser Sciatic Foramen:
      • Internal pudendal artery, vein, and pudendal nerve
      • Obturator internus muscle

    Arteries of the Region

    • Internal iliac artery

    Palpable Structures

    • Iliac crest
    • Anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)
    • Posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS)
    • Ischial tuberosity
    • Greater trochanter
    • Median sacral crest
    • Coccyx

    Gluteal Region Anatomy

    • Cutaneous Nerves: The gluteal region is innervated by the cluneal nerves which are branches of the posterior rami of spinal nerves. These are divided into: superior, middle, and inferior cluneal nerves.
    • Gluteus Maximus: This is the largest and most superficial muscle in the gluteal region, responsible for extending the thigh and assisting in abduction and adduction depending on the fiber location.
    • Gluteus Medius: Located laterally and superior to the gluteus maximus muscle, this muscle is responsible for abducting the thigh and assists in rotation depending on fiber location. The superior gluteal nerve innervates this muscle.
    • Gluteus Minimus is considered the deepest muscle in the gluteal region, acting as an internal rotator, abductor, and flexor of the thigh. Innervated by the superior gluteal nerve. This muscle is integral to the Trendelenburg sign.
    • Trendelenburg Sign: If the superior gluteal nerve or gluteus medius and minimus are damaged, weakness in the hip abductors occurs. This results in the dipping of the pelvis on the healthy side when the patient stands on one leg. This is known as the Trendelenburg sign.
    • Piriformis: Another major muscle in the gluteal region, this muscle externally rotates the thigh when extended, and abducts the thigh when flexed.
    • Gemellus Superior and Inferior - These muscles are accessory rotators of the thigh, working in conjunction with the obturator internus muscle.
    • Obturator Internus: Extends from the pelvic surface of the obturator foramen and attaches to the trochanteric fossa, this muscle is responsible for external rotation of the thigh.
    • Quadratus Femoris: Located inferiorly to the gemelli muscles, this muscle acts as an external rotator and adductor of the thigh.
    • Obturator Externus: Externally rotates the thigh and is located on the lateral side of the obturator foramen.
    • Blood Supply The gluteal region is primarily supplied by the internal iliac artery.

    ### Neurovascular Foramina

    • Suprapiriform Foramen: The superior gluteal artery and vein pass through the suprapiriform foramen.
    • Infrapiriform Foramen: The inferior gluteal artery and vein, internal pudendal artery and vein, pudendal nerve, sciatic nerve and posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh pass through the infrapiriform foramen.
    • Lesser Sciatic Foramen: This foramen allows the passage of the internal pudendal artery and vein, as well as the pudendal nerve and the obturator internus muscle.

    Palpable Structures

    • The following structures are palpable in the gluteal region:
      • Iliac Crest
      • Anterior Superior Iliac Spine (ASIS)
      • Posterior Superior Iliac Spine (PSIS)
      • Ischial Tuberosity
      • Greater Trochanter
      • Median Sacral Crest
      • Coccyx

    Cutaneous Nerves

    • The gluteal region is innervated by the cluneal nerves which include the superior, middle, and inferior clunial nerves.

    Gluteus Maximus Muscle

    • The gluteus maximus is the largest and most superficial gluteal muscle.
    • It originates from the posterior iliac spine, sacrum, and coccyx.
    • It inserts into the gluteal tuberosity and iliotibial tract.
    • It is innervated by the inferior gluteal nerve.
    • It is the most powerful extensor of the thigh.
    • It functions in abduction and adduction of the thigh depending on the fibers being used.
    • It tenses the fascia lata.

    Gluteus Medius Muscle

    • The gluteus medius muscle originates from the lateral surface of the ilium between the posterior and anterior gluteal lines.
    • It inserts into the lateral aspect of the greater trochanter.
    • It's innervated by the superior gluteal nerve.
    • It's the most powerful abductor of the thigh.
    • Anterior fibers medially rotate and flex the thigh.
    • Posterior fibers laterally rotate and extend the thigh.

    Trendelenburg Sign

    • This is a sign of a lesion to the gluteus medius and minimus muscles, which are innervated by the superior gluteal nerve.
    • It is characterized by a dipping of the pelvis on the unaffected side.
    • It can be observed when a person stands on one leg.

    Gluteus Minimus Muscle

    • The gluteus mimimus muscle originates from the lateral surface of the ilium between the anterior and inferior gluteal lines.
    • It inserts into the upper part of the greater trochanter.
    • It's innervated by the superior gluteal nerve.
    • It functions in medial rotation, abduction, and flexion of the thigh.

    Piriformis Muscle

    • The piriformis muscle originates from the anterolateral aspect of the pelvic sacral foramina 2-4, the sacrotuberal ligament, and the articular capsule of the sacroiliac joint.
    • It inserts into the upper part of the greater trochanter.
    • It's innervated by the sacral plexus (L5 - S2).
    • It laterally rotates the extended thigh.
    • It abducts the flexed thigh.

    Gemellus Superior Muscle

    • The gemellus superior muscle originates from the dorsal surface of the ischial spine.
    • It joins the obturator internus muscle and inserts into the trochanteric fossa.
    • It's innervated by the sacral plexus (L5 - S1).
    • It laterally rotates the thigh.

    Obturator Internus Muscle

    • The obturator internus muscle originates from the pelvic surface of the obturator foramen and obturator membrane.
    • It traverses the lesser sciatic foramen and inserts into the trochanteric fossa.
    • It's innervated by the nerve to the obturator internus (L5 - S1).
    • It laterally rotates the thigh.

    Gemellus Inferior Muscle

    • The gemellus inferior muscle originates from the ischial tuberosity.
    • It inserts into the trochanteric fossa.
    • It's innervated by the sacral plexus (L5 - S1).
    • It laterally rotates the thigh.

    Quadratus Femoris Muscle

    • The quadratus femoris originates from the lateral aspect of the ischial tuberosity.
    • It inserts into the intertrochanteric crest.
    • It's innervated by the nerve to the quadratus femoris (L5 - S1).
    • It laterally rotates the thigh.
    • It assists with adduction of the thigh.

    Obturator Externus Muscle

    • The obturator externus muscle originates from the lateral surface of the obturator foramen and obturator membrane.
    • It inserts into the trochanteric fossa.
    • It's innervated by the posterior branch of the obturator nerve (L3-4).
    • It laterally rotates the thigh

    Foramina of the Gluteal Region

    • The suprapiriform foramen houses the superior gluteal vessels.
    • The infrapiriform foramen is traversed by the inferior gluteal vessels, internal pudendal vessels, pudendal nerve, sciatic nerve, and posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh.
    • The lesser sciatic foramen contains the internal pudendal artery, vein, and pudendal nerve, as well as the obturator internus muscle

    Arteries of the Gluteal Region

    • The internal iliac artery is the main artery supplying the gluteal region.

    Palpable Structures

    • The iliac crest, anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS), posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS), ischial tuberosity, greater trochanter, median sacral crest, and coccyx are all palpable bony landmarks in the gluteal region.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    Description

    Explore the anatomy of the gluteal region, including key muscles like the gluteus maximus, medius, and their functions. Understand the roles of cutaneous nerves and learn about the Trendelenburg sign as it relates to gluteal muscle lesions. This quiz is essential for students of anatomy and physical therapy.

    More Like This

    Muscles of Gluteus & Thigh
    32 questions

    Muscles of Gluteus & Thigh

    ZippyTurquoise7188 avatar
    ZippyTurquoise7188
    Gluteal Muscles Anatomy Quiz
    10 questions
    Muscles of the Lower Extremity - Gluteal Region
    21 questions
    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Browser