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Questions and Answers
What are the indications for performing an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)?
Indications for OGTT include patients with symptoms of diabetes mellitus, excessive weight gain during pregnancy, renal glycosuria, and individuals with a strong family history of diabetes.
What are the contra-indications for performing an OGTT?
Contra-indications for OGTT include individuals with confirmed diabetes mellitus, as it is only indicated for the initial diagnosis.
How should a patient prepare for an OGTT?
The patient should have a good carbohydrate diet for 3 days prior to the test, consume about 30-50g of carbohydrate the evening before the test, avoid drugs that influence blood glucose levels for at least 2 days prior, avoid strenuous exercise the previous day, and not consume food for 12 hours before the test.
What are the main steps involved in an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)?
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In what situations should urine samples be collected along with fasting and 2-hour blood tests during an OGTT?
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Study Notes
Indications for Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT)
- Diagnosis of prediabetes and diabetes mellitus.
- Assessing gestational diabetes in pregnant women.
- Evaluating patients with symptoms of diabetes without a diagnosis.
- Confirming abnormal results from fasting plasma glucose or HbA1c tests.
Contraindications for Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT)
- Presence of severe illness or acute conditions.
- Patients with conditions that may interfere with glucose metabolism (e.g., adrenal insufficiency).
- Recent history of surgery or trauma that affects glucose absorption/handling.
- Individuals experiencing significant uncontrolled diabetes symptoms.
Patient Preparation for OGTT
- Abstain from eating or drinking (except water) for at least 8 hours prior to the test.
- Maintain normal dietary habits (including carbohydrates) for three days before the test.
- Avoid strenuous exercise or modifications to routine activity levels before testing.
- Consult with a healthcare provider regarding medication adjustments, as some medications may affect results.
Main Steps Involved in Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT)
- Obtain a fasting blood sample to measure baseline glucose levels.
- Administer a specified dose of oral glucose (typically 75g or 100g) dissolved in water.
- Collect blood samples at intervals (commonly 1 hour and 2 hours post-glucose intake) to evaluate glucose response.
- Monitor the patient during the test for any adverse reactions.
Situations for Urine Sample Collection During OGTT
- When assessing for renal threshold issues and glucose excretion levels.
- During cases of suspected diabetes or hyperglycemia where additional metabolic information is needed.
- Collecting urine samples can help in understanding glucose tolerance in patients with diabetes insipidus or certain renal conditions.
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Description
Test your knowledge about the glucose tolerance test, a medical procedure used to determine how quickly glucose is cleared from the blood. This test is commonly used in diagnosing diabetes and gestational diabetes.
