Glucose Structure and Reaction
40 Questions
4 Views

Glucose Structure and Reaction

Created by
@PeaceableGnome

Podcast Beta

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the percentage of pyranose in the equilibrium mixture?

  • 25%
  • 75%
  • 50%
  • 99% (correct)

    • What is the result of the reaction between a hydroxyl group of C-5 and the carbonyl oxygen on C-1?

  • Formation of a pyranose ring (correct)
  • Creation of a new carbon atom
  • Formation of an open chain structure
  • Breakdown of glucose into two molecules

    • What is the significance of the ring closing reaction in terms of carbon C-1?

  • It makes carbon C-1 chiral (correct)
  • It breaks the carbon C-1 bond
  • It creates a new bond with carbon C-5
  • It makes carbon C-1 achiral

    • What is the byproduct of fermentation in yeast?

    <p>Carbon dioxide and ethyl alcohol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the arrangement of -CH2OH and -OH on carbon C-1 in the cis arrangement?

    <p>They are on opposite sides of the plane of the ring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the molecule that bends over in solution to form a ring structure?

    <p>D-Glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the aerobic breakdown of glucose take place?

    <p>Mitochondrion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the general term for the form of glucose shown in the figure?

    <p>Hexose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of insulin in the body?

    <p>To decrease blood sugar levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of the open chain form in the equilibrium mixture?

    <p>1%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to excess glucose in the liver and muscles?

    <p>It is stored as glycogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of glucagon?

    <p>To increase blood sugar levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the reaction between the hydroxyl group of C-5 and the carbonyl oxygen on C-1 in terms of the structure of glucose?

    <p>Formation of a cyclic structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the energy source for brain cells?

    <p>Glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of glycosylation on enzymes?

    <p>It destroys their function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the low rate of glycosylation in the presence of glucose?

    <p>It reduces the occurrence of long-term health complications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bond is formed between two monosaccharide sugars in a disaccharide?

    <p>Glycosidic bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the byproduct of the synthesis process in the formation of disaccharides?

    <p>Water (H2O)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of reaction that forms a disaccharide?

    <p>Condensation reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is formed when a hydroxyl group on C-1 of a glucose molecule reacts with a hydroxyl group on C-2 of fructose?

    <p>Water (H2O)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the bond formed between carbon 1 (C1) of one hexose sugar and carbon 4 (C4) of the second sugar unit?

    <p>Glycosidic bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of disaccharide formed by joining two α-glucose molecules?

    <p>Maltose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the removal of a water molecule in the formation of a disaccharide?

    <p>Dehydration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the bond referred to in the formation of a disaccharide?

    <p>Oxygen bridge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step in the conversion of glucose to energy?

    <p>Hexokinase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of cellulose in plants?

    <p>Structural support</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between glucose and glycogen as energy sources?

    <p>Glucose requires more energy to convert to energy, while glycogen requires less energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the composition of cellulose?

    <p>A polymer of a chain of cellobiose molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate range of glucose units in natural cellulose chains?

    <p>2000 to 14000</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main component of wood?

    <p>Cellulose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main component of cotton?

    <p>Cellulose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure of cellulose?

    <p>Linear</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between the structure of cellulose and chitin?

    <p>The replacement of -OH on carbon C-2 with -NH.CO.CH3 in chitin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of linkage is present in the polymer of chitin?

    <p>1,4- linkage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the functional group attached to carbon C-2 in chitin?

    <p>-NH.CO.CH3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the repeating unit in the polymer of chitin?

    <p>Modified glucose unit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the side chain attached to the nitrogen atom in chitin?

    <p>-NH.CO.CH3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many -OH groups are present in each repeating unit of chitin?

    <p>4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the molecular structure of chitin similar to?

    <p>Cellulose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of chitin in nature?

    <p>Not specified in the text</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Glucose

    • Glucose is a hexose sugar that can exist in both open chain and cyclic forms.
    • In solution, glucose is in equilibrium with several cyclic isomers, but primarily exists as a pyranose ring (99%).
    • The pyranose ring is formed through a reaction between a hydroxyl group on C-5 and the carbonyl oxygen on C-1.

    Structural Forms of Glucose

    • The open chain form of glucose is in equilibrium with its cyclic isomers.
    • The cyclic forms of glucose can exist as either pyranose (more common) or furanose rings.
    • The pyranose ring can have a cis or trans arrangement of the -CH2OH and -OH groups on carbon C-1.

    Breakdown of Glucose

    • Glucose can be broken down through fermentation (in the absence of oxygen) or aerobic respiration (in the presence of oxygen).
    • Fermentation produces carbon dioxide and ethyl alcohol, while aerobic respiration produces carbon dioxide and water.

    Biological Relevance of Glucose

    • Glucose is an important energy source for cells, particularly brain cells.
    • The digestive system breaks down carbohydrates into glucose, which is then absorbed into the bloodstream.
    • Insulin and glucagon hormones regulate blood sugar levels by facilitating glucose uptake and storage in cells.

    Disaccharides

    • Disaccharides are formed through condensation reactions between two monosaccharide sugars.
    • The synthesis process involves the formation of a glycosidic bond between carbon 1 of one sugar and carbon 4 of the second sugar.
    • Common disaccharides include sucrose, lactose, and maltose.

    Maltose

    • Maltose is a disaccharide formed by joining two α-glucose molecules through a condensation reaction.
    • The reaction removes water and forms an α 1-4 glycosidic bond between the two glucose units.

    Cellulose

    • Cellulose is a polymer of cellobiose molecules, used for structural support in plant cell walls.
    • It is an important polysaccharide found in wood, cotton, and paper.
    • Cellulose is a linear polymer composed of glucose units, with a molecular weight ranging from 2,000 to 14,000 glucose units.

    Chitin

    • Chitin is a polymer of modified glucose units, similar in structure to cellulose.
    • It is found in the exoskeletons of insects and crustaceans, and is a major component of fungal cell walls.
    • Chitin is composed of repeating units of modified glucose molecules linked through β 1-4 glycosidic bonds.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Description

    This quiz is about the structure of D-Glucose and its reaction with a hydroxyl group in a solution. It involves understanding the molecular composition of glucose and its properties.

    More Like This

    Glucose Pentaacetate Reaction Quiz
    3 questions

    Glucose Pentaacetate Reaction Quiz

    AdoredSmokyQuartz avatar
    AdoredSmokyQuartz
    Chemistry: Bio-organic and Medicinal Chemistry Unit-III
    18 questions

    Chemistry: Bio-organic and Medicinal Chemistry Unit-III

    RevolutionaryEuphemism avatar
    RevolutionaryEuphemism
    Chirality in Glucose: Chiral Carbons and Stereoisomers
    10 questions

    Chirality in Glucose: Chiral Carbons and Stereoisomers

    WellEducatedSmokyQuartz6102 avatar
    WellEducatedSmokyQuartz6102
    Hóa học hữu cơ và vô cơ
    41 questions

    Hóa học hữu cơ và vô cơ

    CourteousLongBeach5071 avatar
    CourteousLongBeach5071
    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser