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Glucose Structure and Classification

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Glucose Structure and Classification

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Questions and Answers

Which of these options are correct regarding the structure of glucose? (Select all that apply)

Glucose is a ketose.
Glucose is a hexose. (correct)
Glucose contains only 5 hydroxyl groups.
The glucose molecule contains 6 carbon atoms. (correct)

An aldose is a sugar whose functional group is an [BLANK].

aldehyde

The function ketone is carried by the carbon C2.

True (A)

Which of the following can be classified as aldoses?

<p>Ribose (B), Glucose (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is NOT a key aldose that we encounter in our daily lives?

<p>D-xylose (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Ribose

A 5-carbon sugar that is a key component of nucleic acids (DNA and RNA).

Glucose

A 6-carbon sugar that is the primary energy source for the body. It's involved in glucose metabolism.

Galactose

A 6-carbon sugar that is a structural isomer of glucose. It's often found in lactose, a milk sugar.

Ketoses

Sugars containing a ketone functional group.

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Dihydroxyacetone

A 3-carbon ketose that is used in metabolism.

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Cyclization of Sugars

The process by which sugars form ring structures.

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Fructose

A 6-carbon ketose that forms a ring structure.

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Non-reducing Sugars

Sugars that cannot be detected using Fehling's solution.

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Oses (Sugars)

Sugars that contain a carbonyl group (an aldehyde or a ketone) and multiple hydroxyl groups.

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Aldoses

Sugars that contain an aldehyde group (-CHO).

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Ketoses

Sugars that contain a ketone group (>C=O).

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Number of Carbon Atoms (n)

The number of carbon atoms in a sugar molecule.

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Triose

A sugar with 3 carbon atoms.

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Tetrose

A sugar with 4 carbon atoms.

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Pentose

A sugar with 5 carbon atoms.

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Hexose

A sugar with 6 carbon atoms.

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General Formula: CnH2nOn or Cn(H2O)n

The general formula for a sugar molecule, where n represents the number of carbon atoms.

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Triose (C3H6O3)

A sugar with 3 carbon atoms and the formula C3H6O3.

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Hexose (C6H12O6)

A sugar with 6 carbon atoms and the formula C6H12O6.

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Naming Sugars

The specific name of a sugar depends on the number of carbon atoms and the location of the carbonyl group.

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Configuration (D/L)

Different configurations of a sugar molecule, distinguished by the arrangement of groups around chiral centers.

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General Structure of an Aldose

A sugar that contains an aldehyde group (-CHO) on the first carbon atom (C1) and an alcohol (-OH) group on most of the other carbons.

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Aldotetrose

A sugar with 4 carbon atoms that has an aldehyde group.

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Enantiomers

The different forms of a sugar molecule that are mirror images of each other.

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D-series Sugars

Most naturally occurring sugars belong to the D-series, which is determined by the arrangement of groups around a chiral center.

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Cyclization of D-Glucose

D-glucose can exist in two cyclic forms: pyranose and furanose.

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Pyranose

A cyclic form of D-glucose with a six-membered ring.

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Furanose

A cyclic form of D-glucose with a five-membered ring.

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Chair and Boat Conformations

Two possible conformations of a pyranose ring structure: chair and boat.

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Alpha- and Beta-glucose

Stereoisomers of glucose that differ in the configuration of the hydroxyl group at carbon 1.

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Polyholosides

A type of carbohydrate polymer composed of many identical sugar units.

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Amylose (starch)

A storage carbohydrate in plants.

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Cellulose

A structural carbohydrate in plants.

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Glycogen

An energy storage carbohydrate in animals.

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Glycosidic Bond

A type of chemical bond that links sugar units together.

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Study Notes

Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates are an important class of biomolecules
They are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms
The general formula for carbohydrates is (CH₂O)ₙ, where 'n' represents the number of carbon atoms
Carbohydrates are often referred to as sugars
They are categorized as monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides
Monosaccharides are the simplest form of carbohydrates
Disaccharides are formed by joining two monosaccharides together
Polysaccharides are formed by joining multiple monosaccharides
The primary functions of carbohydrates include providing energy and structural support in living organisms.

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Description

Test your knowledge of glucose's structure and classification. This quiz covers topics like aldoses, ketones, and common sugars. Assess your understanding of these important carbohydrate concepts.

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