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Questions and Answers
What type of bond is formed between carbon 1 of one monosaccharide and carbon 4 of the other in a disaccharide?
What type of bond is formed between carbon 1 of one monosaccharide and carbon 4 of the other in a disaccharide?
- α(1->4) glycosidic bond (correct)
- α(1->6) glycosidic bond
- β(1->4) glycosidic bond
- β(1->6) glycosidic bond
Which functional group does 1C in glucose contain?
Which functional group does 1C in glucose contain?
- Carboxyl group
- Ketone group
- Aldehyde group (correct)
- Hydroxyl group
In glucose, which carbon(s) possess a hydroxyl group?
In glucose, which carbon(s) possess a hydroxyl group?
- 2C - 5C (correct)
- 3C and 4C
- 2C only
- 3C - 6C
What is the stable ring structure formed when 1C reacts with the oxygen atom on 5C in glucose?
What is the stable ring structure formed when 1C reacts with the oxygen atom on 5C in glucose?
How many possible ring forms (isomers) can glucose exist in?
How many possible ring forms (isomers) can glucose exist in?
What type of reaction is involved in the formation of a glycosidic bond between two monosaccharide units?
What type of reaction is involved in the formation of a glycosidic bond between two monosaccharide units?
What type of glycosidic bonds are observed in starch for linear chain linkages?
What type of glycosidic bonds are observed in starch for linear chain linkages?
Which monosaccharide form determines whether α or β glycosidic bonds are present in polysaccharides?
Which monosaccharide form determines whether α or β glycosidic bonds are present in polysaccharides?
What is the function of starch in plant cells?
What is the function of starch in plant cells?
Which type of glycosidic bonds are present in amylose within starch?
Which type of glycosidic bonds are present in amylose within starch?
What color change occurs in a positive starch test involving iodine?
What color change occurs in a positive starch test involving iodine?
Which type of glycosidic bonds are broken by de-branching enzyme in amylopectin?
Which type of glycosidic bonds are broken by de-branching enzyme in amylopectin?
Which type of glycosidic bonds are observed in glycogen for branch chain linkages?
Which type of glycosidic bonds are observed in glycogen for branch chain linkages?
What is the main function of cellulose in plant cells?
What is the main function of cellulose in plant cells?
Which monosaccharide is a major component of cellulose?
Which monosaccharide is a major component of cellulose?
In glycogen, which type of bonds are broken by de-branching enzyme to release free glucose units?
In glycogen, which type of bonds are broken by de-branching enzyme to release free glucose units?
What is the significance of branch points formed by (1->6) glycosidic bonds in glycogen?
What is the significance of branch points formed by (1->6) glycosidic bonds in glycogen?
How do the hydrogen bonding patterns differ between cellulose and amylose in terms of structure?
How do the hydrogen bonding patterns differ between cellulose and amylose in terms of structure?
What is the role of water in breaking a glycosidic bond?
What is the role of water in breaking a glycosidic bond?
What determines whether a glucose molecule will switch to the alpha or beta ring form?
What determines whether a glucose molecule will switch to the alpha or beta ring form?
How does a disaccharide differ from a monosaccharide?
How does a disaccharide differ from a monosaccharide?
In which type of polymerization reaction is a glycosidic bond formed?
In which type of polymerization reaction is a glycosidic bond formed?
What type of bond is present in cellulose for linking glucose units?
What type of bond is present in cellulose for linking glucose units?
How do disaccharides differ from polysaccharides?
How do disaccharides differ from polysaccharides?
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Study Notes
Glycosidic Bonds and Monosaccharide Structure
- A glycosidic bond links carbon 1 of one monosaccharide to carbon 4 of another in a disaccharide.
- Carbon 1 in glucose contains a hydroxyl (-OH) functional group.
- Hydroxyl groups are present on carbons 2, 3, 4, and 6 in glucose.
- A stable ring structure formed occurs when carbon 1 reacts with the oxygen atom on carbon 5, creating a pyranose form.
- Glucose can exist in two ring forms (isomers): α and β anomers.
Glycosidic Bond Formation and Types
- The formation of a glycosidic bond involves a dehydration (condensation) reaction, releasing a water molecule.
- Starch exhibits α(1→4) glycosidic bonds for linear chain linkages.
- The form of the monosaccharide (α or β) determines whether α or β glycosidic bonds are present in polysaccharides.
Functions and Structure of Polysaccharides
- Starch serves as an energy storage molecule in plant cells.
- Amylose within starch consists of α(1→4) glycosidic bonds.
- A positive starch test with iodine results in a color change to blue-black.
- In amylopectin, de-branching enzymes break α(1→6) glycosidic bonds.
- Glycogen contains α(1→6) glycosidic bonds for branch chain linkages.
Cellulose and Its Characteristics
- Cellulose provides structural support in plant cells.
- Glucose is the major monosaccharide component of cellulose.
- In glycogen, de-branching enzymes break α(1→6) bonds to release free glucose units.
- Branch points formed by α(1→6) glycosidic bonds in glycogen are significant as they increase solubility and mobilization of glucose.
Structural Differences and Bonding
- Hydrogen bonding patterns between cellulose and amylose differ; cellulose forms extensive hydrogen bonds for rigidity, while amylose has fewer hydrogen bonds and is more flexible.
- Water plays a role in hydrolysis to break glycosidic bonds by adding a molecule of water, resulting in the separation of monosaccharides.
Glucose Ring Forms and Disaccharides
- The switch between alpha and beta ring forms of glucose is determined by the orientation of the hydroxyl group on carbon 1.
- A disaccharide consists of two monosaccharides, while polysaccharides are polymers formed from many monosaccharides.
- Glycosidic bonds in cellulose link glucose units through β(1→4) glycosidic interactions.
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