11-L2

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What is the role of glycerol in the body?

replace glucose as a fuel for the brain
breakdown of proteins
provide an important substrate for gluconeogenesis (correct)
produce ketone bodies in the liver

What is the normal range of blood glucose concentration?

5.6-7.8 mmol/L, 100-140 mg/dl
3.9-5.5 mmol/L, 70-99 mg/dl (correct)
10.1-12.0 mmol/L, 181-216 mg/dl
7.0-10.0 mmol/L, 126-180 mg/dl

What is the definition of hypoglycaemia?

Reduction in blood glucose ≤ 3 mmol/L, 54 mg/dl (correct)
Normal blood glucose concentration 3.9-5.5 mmol/L, 70-99 mg/dl
Elevation of blood glucose > 5.6 mmol/L, 100 mg/dl
Increase in blood glucose > 10 mmol/L, 180 mg/dl

What happens when all of the body's fat stores are depleted?

death follows shortly (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of ketone bodies in the brain?

replace glucose as a fuel (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the daily glucose requirement of the CNS?

140g/24hr (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of hyperglycaemia?

Elevation of fasting blood glucose > 5.6 mmol/L, 100 mg/dl (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the daily glucose production of the kidneys during starvation?

40g/day (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of protein being used as a major fuel?

loss of muscle mass (A) Signup and view all the answers

What should you do if your blood glucose levels are higher than normal for 3 days?

Call your healthcare provider (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the source of ketone bodies?

fatty acids in the liver (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the daily glucose requirement of other glucose-dependent tissues?

40g/24hr (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the symptom of hyperglycaemia?

Need to urinate often and blurry vision (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the adaptation of the brain during starvation?

using ketones as a fuel (A) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to blood glucose concentration during fasting?

It falls (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of insulin on adipose tissue?

It promotes lipogenesis and storage of fatty acids (B) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to glycogen stores during fasting?

They decrease (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of glucagon on the liver?

It stimulates glycogenolysis (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the source of energy for the brain during fasting?

Ketone bodies from ketogenesis (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of insulin on glucose uptake in muscle?

It increases glucose uptake (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of starvation?

Inadequate intake of energy in a previously well-nourished individual (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the preferred fuel for all organs?

Glucose (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the only fuel for red blood cells?

Glucose (B) Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the total fuel reserve in the body is fat?

80% (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate amount of fat present in the body?

10-15 kg (C) Signup and view all the answers

How long can the protein in muscle supply fuel in the form of glucose?

Two weeks (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is converted to ketone bodies in the liver and used as fuel by the CNS during starvation?

Fatty acids (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of hormones in the context of blood glucose concentration?

To regulate blood glucose concentration within a specific range (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of a lack of glucose in the CNS?

Disruption of normal brain function (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of insulin on blood glucose concentration?

It decreases blood glucose concentration (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a blood glucose concentration of 3 mmol/L or less?

Hypoglycaemia (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the common symptom of hyperglycaemia?

Polyuria and polydipsia (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of uncontrolled hyperglycaemia?

Medical emergency (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of glucagon on blood glucose concentration?

It increases blood glucose concentration (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the range of normal blood glucose concentration?

3.9-5.5 mmol/L (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the cause of hyperglycaemia?

Too much food, too little insulin or diabetes pills, illness, or stress (B) Signup and view all the answers