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Questions and Answers
What is the major glucocorticoid in humans?
What is the major glucocorticoid in humans?
- Dexamethasone
- Cortisol (correct)
- Hydrocortisone
- Prednisolone
Which gland releases adrenocorticosteroids into circulation?
Which gland releases adrenocorticosteroids into circulation?
- Pituitary gland
- Pancreas
- Adrenal cortex (correct)
- Thyroid gland
What controls the secretion of cortisol?
What controls the secretion of cortisol?
- TSH
- FSH
- LH
- ACTH (correct)
Where is 90% of cortisol bound in the body?
Where is 90% of cortisol bound in the body?
What is the typical circadian rhythm of cortisol secretion?
What is the typical circadian rhythm of cortisol secretion?
What is the typical daily release of cortisol without stress?
What is the typical daily release of cortisol without stress?
Where is cortisol predominantly metabolized and excreted?
Where is cortisol predominantly metabolized and excreted?
What percentage of cortisol is bound to corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG)?
What percentage of cortisol is bound to corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG)?
What is the primary hormone that controls the secretion of cortisol?
What is the primary hormone that controls the secretion of cortisol?
Which organ synthesizes corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG)?
Which organ synthesizes corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG)?
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Study Notes
Cortisol and Glucocorticoids
- Cortisol is the major glucocorticoid in humans.
- Adrenocorticosteroids, including cortisol, are released into circulation by the adrenal gland.
Regulation of Cortisol Secretion
- The secretion of cortisol is controlled by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis.
- The primary hormone that controls the secretion of cortisol is adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH).
Cortisol Transport and Metabolism
- In the body, 90% of cortisol is bound to corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG) and 7% is bound to albumin.
- The liver predominantly metabolizes and excreted cortisol.
- Corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG) is synthesized by the liver.
Cortisol Circadian Rhythm and Release
- Cortisol secretion follows a typical circadian rhythm, with peak levels in the morning and decreasing levels throughout the day.
- Without stress, the typical daily release of cortisol is around 10-20 mg.
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