The adrenal hormones
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Questions and Answers

How do glucocorticoids promote normal intermediary metabolism?

  • By enhancing expression of gluconeogenesis enzymes (correct)
  • By inhibiting lipolysis
  • By decreasing hepatic glucose production
  • By reducing amino acid mobilization

    • What is the main role of glucocorticoids in increasing resistance to stress?

  • Raising plasma glucose levels (correct)
  • Mobilizing amino acids for energy
  • Lowering plasma glucose levels
  • Inhibiting lipolysis

    • How do glucocorticoids affect blood cell levels in plasma?

  • Decrease hemoglobin and erythrocytes
  • Decrease eosinophils, basophils, and lymphocytes
  • Increase platelets and polymorphonuclear leukocytes (correct)
  • Increase eosinophils and monocytes

    • What is the most important therapeutic property of glucocorticoids?

    <p>Possessing anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a way in which glucocorticoids alter blood cell levels in plasma?

    <p>Increase lymphocytes in lymphoid tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to glucose synthesis when glucocorticoids stimulate lipolysis?

    <p>It is enhanced by providing building blocks and energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of Cushing syndrome?

    <p>Hypersecretion of glucocorticoids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism by which adrenal hormones influence the inflammatory response?

    <p>Stabilizing mast cell and basophil membranes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone suppresses cortisol release in normal individuals but not in those with Cushing syndrome?

    <p>Dexamethasone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a frequent cause of iatrogenic Cushing syndrome?

    <p>Chronic treatment with high doses of glucocorticoids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do high levels of glucocorticoids affect the endocrine system?

    <p>Suppressing synthesis of glucocorticoids and thyroid-stimulating hormone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In congenital adrenal hyperplasia, what leads to virilization in females?

    <p>Overproduction of adrenal androgens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of mineralocorticoids in the body?

    <p>Regulating sodium and potassium levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does aldosterone act to promote sodium reabsorption?

    <p>Distal tubules and collecting ducts in the kidney</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of administering corticosteroids in congenital adrenal hyperplasia?

    <p>To normalize hormone levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the consequences of elevated aldosterone levels?

    <p>Alkalosis and hypokalemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom can corticosteroids relieve in conditions like rheumatoid arthritis?

    <p>Reduced inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do corticosteroids affect glomerular filtration?

    <p>Decrease filtration rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which adverse effect is the most common due to glucocorticoids' effect on bone health?

    <p>Osteoporosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a classic symptom of excess corticosteroid replacement?

    <p>Centripetal distribution of body fat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition may occur with long-term corticosteroid therapy affecting the eyes?

    <p>Cataracts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an adverse effect of glucocorticosteroids that may require diabetic patients to monitor their blood glucose?

    <p>Hyperglycemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which potential corticosteroid-induced effect is characterized by redistribution of body fat and a puffy face?

    <p>Cushing-like syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what population does glucocorticoid therapy pose a risk of decreased growth as an adverse effect?

    <p>Children</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can happen if corticosteroids are abruptly discontinued in a patient with suppression of the HPA axis?

    <p>Acute adrenal insufficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is used to treat Cushing syndrome by inhibiting gonadal and adrenal steroid hormone synthesis?

    <p>Ketoconazole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of Spironolactone in treating certain conditions?

    <p>Competes for the mineralocorticoid receptor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions is Spironolactone NOT used for?

    <p>Hyperthyroidism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does Spironolactone have on the hair follicles leading to its use in managing hirsutism?

    <p>Inhibits androgen activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug inhibits both gonadal and adrenal steroid hormone synthesis and is used in patients with Cushing syndrome?

    <p>Ketoconazole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What serious consequences can occur if corticosteroids are abruptly discontinued in a patient with suppression of the HPA axis?

    <p>Acute adrenal insufficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug competes for the mineralocorticoid receptor and inhibits sodium reabsorption in the kidney?

    <p>Spironolactone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Inhibitors of which of the following are therapeutically useful in the treatment of patients with Cushing syndrome?

    <p>Adrenal steroid hormone synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is effective for the management of hirsutism in women due to its antiandrogen activity on the hair follicle?

    <p>Spironolactone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What could happen if a patient undergoes abrupt removal of corticosteroids without tapering according to individual tolerance?

    <p>Fatal acute adrenal insufficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition can Spironolactone effectively treat when used with other standard therapies for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction?

    <p>Hyperkalemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary therapeutic property of Ketoconazole that makes it useful in patients with Cushing syndrome?

    <p>Inhibits adrenal steroid hormone synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which adverse effect can occur if a patient with suppression of the HPA axis is not carefully monitored during corticosteroid dose tapering?

    <p>Adrenal adenoma growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does Spironolactone's antiandrogen activity play in managing hirsutism in women?

    <p>Reducing testosterone levels in circulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Ketoconazole impact gonadal and adrenal steroid hormone synthesis in patients with Cushing syndrome?

    <p>Strongly inhibits all gonadal and adrenal steroid hormone synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

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