40 Questions
How do glucocorticoids promote normal intermediary metabolism?
By enhancing expression of gluconeogenesis enzymes
What is the main role of glucocorticoids in increasing resistance to stress?
Raising plasma glucose levels
How do glucocorticoids affect blood cell levels in plasma?
Increase platelets and polymorphonuclear leukocytes
What is the most important therapeutic property of glucocorticoids?
Possessing anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive activities
Which of the following is NOT a way in which glucocorticoids alter blood cell levels in plasma?
Increase lymphocytes in lymphoid tissue
What happens to glucose synthesis when glucocorticoids stimulate lipolysis?
It is enhanced by providing building blocks and energy
What is the main cause of Cushing syndrome?
Hypersecretion of glucocorticoids
What is the mechanism by which adrenal hormones influence the inflammatory response?
Stabilizing mast cell and basophil membranes
Which hormone suppresses cortisol release in normal individuals but not in those with Cushing syndrome?
Dexamethasone
What is a frequent cause of iatrogenic Cushing syndrome?
Chronic treatment with high doses of glucocorticoids
How do high levels of glucocorticoids affect the endocrine system?
Suppressing synthesis of glucocorticoids and thyroid-stimulating hormone
In congenital adrenal hyperplasia, what leads to virilization in females?
Overproduction of adrenal androgens
What is the primary role of mineralocorticoids in the body?
Regulating sodium and potassium levels
Where does aldosterone act to promote sodium reabsorption?
Distal tubules and collecting ducts in the kidney
What is the main purpose of administering corticosteroids in congenital adrenal hyperplasia?
To normalize hormone levels
What are the consequences of elevated aldosterone levels?
Alkalosis and hypokalemia
Which symptom can corticosteroids relieve in conditions like rheumatoid arthritis?
Reduced inflammation
How do corticosteroids affect glomerular filtration?
Decrease filtration rate
Which adverse effect is the most common due to glucocorticoids' effect on bone health?
Osteoporosis
What is a classic symptom of excess corticosteroid replacement?
Centripetal distribution of body fat
Which condition may occur with long-term corticosteroid therapy affecting the eyes?
Cataracts
What is an adverse effect of glucocorticosteroids that may require diabetic patients to monitor their blood glucose?
Hyperglycemia
Which potential corticosteroid-induced effect is characterized by redistribution of body fat and a puffy face?
Cushing-like syndrome
In what population does glucocorticoid therapy pose a risk of decreased growth as an adverse effect?
Children
What can happen if corticosteroids are abruptly discontinued in a patient with suppression of the HPA axis?
Acute adrenal insufficiency
Which drug is used to treat Cushing syndrome by inhibiting gonadal and adrenal steroid hormone synthesis?
Ketoconazole
What is the primary mechanism of action of Spironolactone in treating certain conditions?
Competes for the mineralocorticoid receptor
Which of the following conditions is Spironolactone NOT used for?
Hyperthyroidism
What effect does Spironolactone have on the hair follicles leading to its use in managing hirsutism?
Inhibits androgen activity
Which drug inhibits both gonadal and adrenal steroid hormone synthesis and is used in patients with Cushing syndrome?
Ketoconazole
What serious consequences can occur if corticosteroids are abruptly discontinued in a patient with suppression of the HPA axis?
Acute adrenal insufficiency
Which drug competes for the mineralocorticoid receptor and inhibits sodium reabsorption in the kidney?
Spironolactone
Inhibitors of which of the following are therapeutically useful in the treatment of patients with Cushing syndrome?
Adrenal steroid hormone synthesis
Which drug is effective for the management of hirsutism in women due to its antiandrogen activity on the hair follicle?
Spironolactone
What could happen if a patient undergoes abrupt removal of corticosteroids without tapering according to individual tolerance?
Fatal acute adrenal insufficiency
Which condition can Spironolactone effectively treat when used with other standard therapies for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction?
Hyperkalemia
What is the primary therapeutic property of Ketoconazole that makes it useful in patients with Cushing syndrome?
Inhibits adrenal steroid hormone synthesis
Which adverse effect can occur if a patient with suppression of the HPA axis is not carefully monitored during corticosteroid dose tapering?
Adrenal adenoma growth
What role does Spironolactone's antiandrogen activity play in managing hirsutism in women?
Reducing testosterone levels in circulation
How does Ketoconazole impact gonadal and adrenal steroid hormone synthesis in patients with Cushing syndrome?
Strongly inhibits all gonadal and adrenal steroid hormone synthesis
Explore how glucocorticoids stimulate hepatic glucose production, mobilize amino acids, and increase resistance to stress. Learn about the pharmacological aspects of adrenal hormones.
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