Glucagon in Hypoglycemia Management Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of Phase III in the medication research process?

  • Determine pharmacokinetics and safe doses in humans
  • Determine therapeutic level and possible toxic effects
  • Refine the usual therapeutic dose (correct)
  • Evaluate dosage ranges and pharmacological use

    • Which of the following is NOT an alkaloid?

  • Atropine
  • Nicotine
  • Morphine sulfate
  • Insulin (correct)

    • What is the main purpose of Phase IV in the medication research process?

  • Conduct voluntary postmarket analysis (correct)
  • Determine therapeutic level and side effects
  • Evaluate a med’s pharmacological use
  • Refine the usual therapeutic dose

    • Which mineral is commonly known as Epsom salt?

    <p>Magnesium sulfate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the suffix "-ine" typically indicate when referring to a chemical compound?

    <p>It is an alkaloid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In drug profiles, what does MOA stand for?

    <p>Mechanism of Action</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of animal testing in medication research?

    <p>Determine the med’s toxicity and safe doses in humans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of Diphenhydramine (BENADRYL)?

    <p>Anticholinergic properties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common side effect of Coumadin (Warfarin) therapy?

    <p>Bleeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a contraindication for the use of Zidovudine (Retrovir)?

    <p>Liver disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug can precipitate adverse effects if administered with Inamrinone (Incor)?

    <p>Diphenhydramine (BENADRYL)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of Oxytocin (Pitocin) in the context provided?

    <p>Sympathetic agonist, tocolytic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an important note about Coumadin (Warfarin) that differentiates it from other drugs?

    <p>Antidote is vitamin K</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common indication for the use of Zidovudine (Retrovir)?

    <p>HIV, AIDS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a patient with hypoglycemia, which medication is a secondary treatment to D50W?

    <p>Glucagon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of epinephrine?

    <p>Acts directly on alpha1 receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is indicated for the treatment of hypoxia?

    <p>Oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the side effects of epinephrine administration?

    <p>Myocardial O2 demand, palpitations, tremor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should epinephrine be contraindicated for use?

    <p>In hypertension and tachycardia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why would glucagon not be effective in a cachexia patient?

    <p>Because the patient has no glycogen storage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the appropriate dosage of oxygen for a patient with hypoxia?

    <p>1-6 lpm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of microsomal enzymes in the liver?

    <p>To convert drugs into more water-soluble forms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the first-pass effect through the liver affect drug administration?

    <p>It may inactivate drugs, requiring higher oral doses or IV administration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ is responsible for eliminating medications from the body through urine?

    <p>Kidneys</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of active transport in moving substances across cell membranes?

    <p>To move substances from low to high concentration with energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In pharmacodynamics, what is the role of an antagonist?

    <p>Block receptor sites without initiating a response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of drug acts by altering a normal metabolic pathway?

    <p>Drugs that act as agonists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key difference between an agonist and an agonist-antagonist medication?

    <p>Agonists trigger expected responses, while antagonists block receptor responses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication used for preterm labor has side effects of palpitations, anxiety, dizziness, hypertension, and N/V?

    <p>Anticholinergic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the antidote for Carbon monoxide poisoning?

    <p>High flow oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which substance can cause 'snowball blindness' if ingested?

    <p>Methanol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the classic presentation of acute Ethylene glycol poisoning?

    <p>Green/yellow visual halos</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication can lead to dystonic reaction, akathisia, pseudoparkinsonism, tardive dyskinesia, and neuroleptic malignant syndrome?

    <p>Neuroleptics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What treatment is indicated for Narcotics poisoning?

    <p>Supportive care takes priority over naloxone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Mad as a hatter' is associated with poisoning by which substance?

    <p>Anticholinergic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Visual halos (green/yellow)' are linked to toxicity from which substance?

    <p>'Decreased visual acuity'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lipid is known as 'bad cholesterol' due to its role in depositing cholesterol in artery walls?

    <p>LDL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of furosemide in treating hypertension and edema?

    <p>Increasing sodium and water excretion by inhibiting their reabsorption in the kidneys</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does HDL (good cholesterol) contribute to reducing the risk of coronary artery disease?

    <p>By transporting excess cholesterol out of the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of medications is commonly used for the treatment of hypertension and can include beta blockers and calcium channel blockers?

    <p>Antihypertensives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of lidocaine on ventricular repolarization in the heart?

    <p>Prolongs the repolarization phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential life-threatening side effect of administering Lidocaine?

    <p>Acute heart failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is commonly associated with the treatment of hypertension?

    <p>Dopamine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a known safety issue related to the use of Furosemide?

    <p>Hypokalemia in renal failure patients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lipid component is typically associated with an increased risk of coronary artery disease?

    <p>LDL (Low-density lipoprotein)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of Beta blockers in treating hypertension?

    <p>Inhibiting the sympathetic nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of Lidocaine on ventricular repolarization?

    <p>Decreases the action potential duration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the effect of beta blockers in treating hypertension?

    <p>Decrease blood pressure by blocking beta-adrenoceptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In coronary artery disease, which lipoprotein is primarily associated with atherosclerosis?

    <p>Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key mechanism of action of furosemide in the body?

    <p>Enhancing potassium excretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do calcium channel blockers affect systemic vascular resistance?

    <p>Decrease vascular resistance by blocking calcium channels in smooth muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the net effect of Dopamine administration?

    <p>Cardiac stimulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the effects of Beta-Agonists on the heart?

    <p>Increase inotropy and lusitropy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of LDL in coronary artery disease?

    <p>Promoting atherosclerosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is commonly treated by beta blockers?

    <p>Hypertension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of Furosemide?

    <p>Inhibits sodium reabsorption in the kidneys</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true regarding the effect of Lidocaine on ventricular repolarization?

    <p>Lidocaine prolongs the action potential duration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of anticoagulants, which of the following correctly describes their action?

    <p>Anticoagulants inhibit platelet aggregation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When treating hypertension, which medication is classified as a beta blocker?

    <p>Propranolol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In coronary artery disease, what is the role of HDL (High-Density Lipoprotein)?

    <p>HDL transports cholesterol away from the arteries to the liver for processing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible mechanism of action of furosemide administration?

    <p>Furosemide inhibits aldosterone production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of Lidocaine in relation to ventricular repolarization?

    <p>Reduces the duration of the action potential</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common side effect associated with anticoagulant therapy?

    <p>Bleeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the treatment of hypertension, which class of medication acts by blocking calcium channels to reduce heart rate and blood pressure?

    <p>Calcium channel blockers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lipoprotein is commonly referred to as 'bad cholesterol' and has a role in the development of coronary artery disease?

    <p>LDL (Low-Density Lipoprotein)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of furosemide and its effect on the body?

    <p>Blocks sodium reabsorption in the kidneys resulting in diuresis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the administration of Lidocaine affect ventricular repolarization in the heart?

    <p>Delays it</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential side effect of anticoagulant therapy like Coumadin (Warfarin)?

    <p>Bleeding tendencies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of beta blockers when used in the treatment of hypertension?

    <p>Reduce heart rate and blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lipid type is commonly referred to as 'bad cholesterol' due to its role in depositing cholesterol in artery walls?

    <p>LDL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of furosemide when treating hypertension and edema?

    <p>Diuresis by inhibiting sodium reabsorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of calcium channel blockers when used for hypertension treatment?

    <p>Decrease heart rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Green/yellow visual halos' are associated with toxicity from which substance?

    <p>Quinine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Mad as a hatter' is linked to poisoning by what substance?

    <p>Mercury</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a notable difference between HDL and LDL regarding their role in coronary artery disease risk?

    <p>LDL contributes to the removal of cholesterol from arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does aspirin primarily affect platelet aggregation?

    <p>Inhibits it</p> Signup and view all the answers

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