Glucagon in Hypoglycemia Management Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of Phase III in the medication research process?

  • Determine pharmacokinetics and safe doses in humans
  • Determine therapeutic level and possible toxic effects
  • Refine the usual therapeutic dose (correct)
  • Evaluate dosage ranges and pharmacological use

Which of the following is NOT an alkaloid?

  • Atropine
  • Nicotine
  • Morphine sulfate
  • Insulin (correct)

What is the main purpose of Phase IV in the medication research process?

  • Conduct voluntary postmarket analysis (correct)
  • Determine therapeutic level and side effects
  • Evaluate a med’s pharmacological use
  • Refine the usual therapeutic dose

Which mineral is commonly known as Epsom salt?

<p>Magnesium sulfate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the suffix "-ine" typically indicate when referring to a chemical compound?

<p>It is an alkaloid (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In drug profiles, what does MOA stand for?

<p>Mechanism of Action (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of animal testing in medication research?

<p>Determine the med’s toxicity and safe doses in humans (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of Diphenhydramine (BENADRYL)?

<p>Anticholinergic properties (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common side effect of Coumadin (Warfarin) therapy?

<p>Bleeding (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a contraindication for the use of Zidovudine (Retrovir)?

<p>Liver disease (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which drug can precipitate adverse effects if administered with Inamrinone (Incor)?

<p>Diphenhydramine (BENADRYL) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of Oxytocin (Pitocin) in the context provided?

<p>Sympathetic agonist, tocolytic (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an important note about Coumadin (Warfarin) that differentiates it from other drugs?

<p>Antidote is vitamin K (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common indication for the use of Zidovudine (Retrovir)?

<p>HIV, AIDS (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a patient with hypoglycemia, which medication is a secondary treatment to D50W?

<p>Glucagon (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of epinephrine?

<p>Acts directly on alpha1 receptors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is indicated for the treatment of hypoxia?

<p>Oxygen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the side effects of epinephrine administration?

<p>Myocardial O2 demand, palpitations, tremor (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When should epinephrine be contraindicated for use?

<p>In hypertension and tachycardia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why would glucagon not be effective in a cachexia patient?

<p>Because the patient has no glycogen storage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the appropriate dosage of oxygen for a patient with hypoxia?

<p>1-6 lpm (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of microsomal enzymes in the liver?

<p>To convert drugs into more water-soluble forms (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the first-pass effect through the liver affect drug administration?

<p>It may inactivate drugs, requiring higher oral doses or IV administration (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organ is responsible for eliminating medications from the body through urine?

<p>Kidneys (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of active transport in moving substances across cell membranes?

<p>To move substances from low to high concentration with energy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In pharmacodynamics, what is the role of an antagonist?

<p>Block receptor sites without initiating a response (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of drug acts by altering a normal metabolic pathway?

<p>Drugs that act as agonists (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference between an agonist and an agonist-antagonist medication?

<p>Agonists trigger expected responses, while antagonists block receptor responses (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication used for preterm labor has side effects of palpitations, anxiety, dizziness, hypertension, and N/V?

<p>Anticholinergic (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the antidote for Carbon monoxide poisoning?

<p>High flow oxygen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which substance can cause 'snowball blindness' if ingested?

<p>Methanol (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the classic presentation of acute Ethylene glycol poisoning?

<p>Green/yellow visual halos (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication can lead to dystonic reaction, akathisia, pseudoparkinsonism, tardive dyskinesia, and neuroleptic malignant syndrome?

<p>Neuroleptics (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What treatment is indicated for Narcotics poisoning?

<p>Supportive care takes priority over naloxone (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Mad as a hatter' is associated with poisoning by which substance?

<p>Anticholinergic (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Visual halos (green/yellow)' are linked to toxicity from which substance?

<p>'Decreased visual acuity' (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which lipid is known as 'bad cholesterol' due to its role in depositing cholesterol in artery walls?

<p>LDL (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of furosemide in treating hypertension and edema?

<p>Increasing sodium and water excretion by inhibiting their reabsorption in the kidneys (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does HDL (good cholesterol) contribute to reducing the risk of coronary artery disease?

<p>By transporting excess cholesterol out of the body (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which class of medications is commonly used for the treatment of hypertension and can include beta blockers and calcium channel blockers?

<p>Antihypertensives (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of lidocaine on ventricular repolarization in the heart?

<p>Prolongs the repolarization phase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential life-threatening side effect of administering Lidocaine?

<p>Acute heart failure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is commonly associated with the treatment of hypertension?

<p>Dopamine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a known safety issue related to the use of Furosemide?

<p>Hypokalemia in renal failure patients (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which lipid component is typically associated with an increased risk of coronary artery disease?

<p>LDL (Low-density lipoprotein) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of Beta blockers in treating hypertension?

<p>Inhibiting the sympathetic nervous system (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of Lidocaine on ventricular repolarization?

<p>Decreases the action potential duration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the effect of beta blockers in treating hypertension?

<p>Decrease blood pressure by blocking beta-adrenoceptors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In coronary artery disease, which lipoprotein is primarily associated with atherosclerosis?

<p>Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key mechanism of action of furosemide in the body?

<p>Enhancing potassium excretion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do calcium channel blockers affect systemic vascular resistance?

<p>Decrease vascular resistance by blocking calcium channels in smooth muscle (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the net effect of Dopamine administration?

<p>Cardiac stimulation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the effects of Beta-Agonists on the heart?

<p>Increase inotropy and lusitropy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of LDL in coronary artery disease?

<p>Promoting atherosclerosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is commonly treated by beta blockers?

<p>Hypertension (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of Furosemide?

<p>Inhibits sodium reabsorption in the kidneys (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding the effect of Lidocaine on ventricular repolarization?

<p>Lidocaine prolongs the action potential duration (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of anticoagulants, which of the following correctly describes their action?

<p>Anticoagulants inhibit platelet aggregation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When treating hypertension, which medication is classified as a beta blocker?

<p>Propranolol (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In coronary artery disease, what is the role of HDL (High-Density Lipoprotein)?

<p>HDL transports cholesterol away from the arteries to the liver for processing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible mechanism of action of furosemide administration?

<p>Furosemide inhibits aldosterone production (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of Lidocaine in relation to ventricular repolarization?

<p>Reduces the duration of the action potential (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common side effect associated with anticoagulant therapy?

<p>Bleeding (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the treatment of hypertension, which class of medication acts by blocking calcium channels to reduce heart rate and blood pressure?

<p>Calcium channel blockers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which lipoprotein is commonly referred to as 'bad cholesterol' and has a role in the development of coronary artery disease?

<p>LDL (Low-Density Lipoprotein) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of furosemide and its effect on the body?

<p>Blocks sodium reabsorption in the kidneys resulting in diuresis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the administration of Lidocaine affect ventricular repolarization in the heart?

<p>Delays it (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential side effect of anticoagulant therapy like Coumadin (Warfarin)?

<p>Bleeding tendencies (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of beta blockers when used in the treatment of hypertension?

<p>Reduce heart rate and blood pressure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which lipid type is commonly referred to as 'bad cholesterol' due to its role in depositing cholesterol in artery walls?

<p>LDL (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of furosemide when treating hypertension and edema?

<p>Diuresis by inhibiting sodium reabsorption (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of calcium channel blockers when used for hypertension treatment?

<p>Decrease heart rate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Green/yellow visual halos' are associated with toxicity from which substance?

<p>Quinine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Mad as a hatter' is linked to poisoning by what substance?

<p>Mercury (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a notable difference between HDL and LDL regarding their role in coronary artery disease risk?

<p>LDL contributes to the removal of cholesterol from arteries (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does aspirin primarily affect platelet aggregation?

<p>Inhibits it (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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