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Questions and Answers
What is believed to be related to the decrease of GLP-1 in obese subjects?
What is believed to be related to the decrease of GLP-1 in obese subjects?
- Decreased plasma glucose levels
- Increased plasma non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) (correct)
- Increased plasma glucagon levels
- Increased plasma insulin levels
Where are proglucagon and proglucagon-derived peptides present in the central nervous system?
Where are proglucagon and proglucagon-derived peptides present in the central nervous system?
- Nucleus tractus solitarius (correct)
- Lateral parabrachial nucleus
- Hypothalamic nucleus
- Mesolimbic substrates
What is the effect of central GLP-1 activation on food intake?
What is the effect of central GLP-1 activation on food intake?
- Decreases food intake (correct)
- Increases food intake
- Has no effect on food intake
- Delays gastric emptying
What is the effect of GLP-1 on gastric emptying?
What is the effect of GLP-1 on gastric emptying?
Where is the expression of GLP-1 and/or GLP-1R found?
Where is the expression of GLP-1 and/or GLP-1R found?
What is the effect of GLP-1 on vagus nerve?
What is the effect of GLP-1 on vagus nerve?
What is the potential therapeutic application of central GLP-1 activation?
What is the potential therapeutic application of central GLP-1 activation?
What is the effect of GLP-1 on appetite?
What is the effect of GLP-1 on appetite?
Why may the insulin-promoting effect of GLP-1 inhibit nutrition-mediated secretion in obese subjects?
Why may the insulin-promoting effect of GLP-1 inhibit nutrition-mediated secretion in obese subjects?
¿Cuál es la función del GLP-1 en el sistema nervioso central?
¿Cuál es la función del GLP-1 en el sistema nervioso central?
¿Qué es el resultado del aumento de los ácidos grasos no esterificados (NEFA) en la secreción de GLP-1?
¿Qué es el resultado del aumento de los ácidos grasos no esterificados (NEFA) en la secreción de GLP-1?
¿Cuál es el efecto del GLP-1 en la peristalsis gástrica?
¿Cuál es el efecto del GLP-1 en la peristalsis gástrica?
¿Cuál es el resultado de la activación central del GLP-1 en combinación con la activación del GLP-2 y/OXM?
¿Cuál es el resultado de la activación central del GLP-1 en combinación con la activación del GLP-2 y/OXM?
¿Dónde se encuentra la expresión del GLP-1 y/o GLP-1R?
¿Dónde se encuentra la expresión del GLP-1 y/o GLP-1R?
¿Cuál es el nombre del efecto que se produce cuando el GLP-1 reduce la velocidad de vaciamiento gástrico?
¿Cuál es el nombre del efecto que se produce cuando el GLP-1 reduce la velocidad de vaciamiento gástrico?
¿Qué es el resultado de la administración intraventricular de GLP-1, GLP-2 y OXM en ratones?
¿Qué es el resultado de la administración intraventricular de GLP-1, GLP-2 y OXM en ratones?
¿Cuál es el papel del GLP-1 en la regulación del apetito?
¿Cuál es el papel del GLP-1 en la regulación del apetito?
¿Cuál es el efecto del GLP-1 en la secreción de ácido gástrico?
¿Cuál es el efecto del GLP-1 en la secreción de ácido gástrico?
¿Por qué el GLP-1 puede influir en la regulación de la ingesta de alimentos?
¿Por qué el GLP-1 puede influir en la regulación de la ingesta de alimentos?
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Study Notes
GLP-1 Mechanism in Obesity
- The mechanism for the decrease in GLP-1 secretion is not fully understood in obese people.
- Increased plasma non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) may be related to the decrease of GLP-1 in obese subjects.
GLP-1 and NEFA
- Higher fasting and postprandial NEFA levels may inhibit nutrition-mediated secretion of GLP-1.
- GLP-1's insulin-promoting effect and its role as a satiety factor may be affected by NEFA levels.
Central Nervous System and GLP-1
- Proglucagon and proglucagon-derived peptides (GLP-1, GLP-2, and OXM) are present in a small group of neurons in the nucleus tractus solitarius.
- These neurons constitute the neural pathway that connects the "visceral sensory" brainstem and the hypothalamic nucleus to participate in energy homeostasis.
GLP-1 and Food Intake
- Intraventricular administration of GLP-1, GLP-2, and OXM in mice significantly reduces food intake.
- Central GLP-1 activation may be combined with GLP-2 and/or OXM activation to form a potential pharmacological tool to reduce meal intake and increase energy consumption.
GLP-1 Expression and Appetite
- GLP-1 and/or GLP-1R are expressed in hypothalamic feeding centers, hindbrain matrix, lateral parabrachial nucleus, and mesolimbic substrates.
- GLP-1 expression in these regions directly affects appetite and leads to weight loss.
GLP-1 and Gastric Function
- GLP-1 inhibits postprandial gastric emptying and reduces gastric acid secretion.
- GLP-1 inhibits gastric and duodenal peristalsis by inhibiting vagus nerve and increases the pressure of pylorus, leading to reduced appetite and weight loss.
- GLP-1 participates in the "ileal braking" effect.
GLP-1 Mechanism in Obesity
- The mechanism for the decrease in GLP-1 secretion is not fully understood in obese people.
- Increased plasma non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) may be related to the decrease of GLP-1 in obese subjects.
GLP-1 and NEFA
- Higher fasting and postprandial NEFA levels may inhibit nutrition-mediated secretion of GLP-1.
- GLP-1's insulin-promoting effect and its role as a satiety factor may be affected by NEFA levels.
Central Nervous System and GLP-1
- Proglucagon and proglucagon-derived peptides (GLP-1, GLP-2, and OXM) are present in a small group of neurons in the nucleus tractus solitarius.
- These neurons constitute the neural pathway that connects the "visceral sensory" brainstem and the hypothalamic nucleus to participate in energy homeostasis.
GLP-1 and Food Intake
- Intraventricular administration of GLP-1, GLP-2, and OXM in mice significantly reduces food intake.
- Central GLP-1 activation may be combined with GLP-2 and/or OXM activation to form a potential pharmacological tool to reduce meal intake and increase energy consumption.
GLP-1 Expression and Appetite
- GLP-1 and/or GLP-1R are expressed in hypothalamic feeding centers, hindbrain matrix, lateral parabrachial nucleus, and mesolimbic substrates.
- GLP-1 expression in these regions directly affects appetite and leads to weight loss.
GLP-1 and Gastric Function
- GLP-1 inhibits postprandial gastric emptying and reduces gastric acid secretion.
- GLP-1 inhibits gastric and duodenal peristalsis by inhibiting vagus nerve and increases the pressure of pylorus, leading to reduced appetite and weight loss.
- GLP-1 participates in the "ileal braking" effect.
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