Glossary Reading 9

Essential (adj): Critically important or fundamental; integral to daily routines, such as exercising.
Apparently (adv): Based on hearsay or evidence that may not be verified; for example, Canada’s size is often mentioned but not confirmed by the speaker.
Application (n): Refers to mobile programs or software like Instagram or Chrome; users often have apps on their devices that they do not actively use.

Remote (adj): Describes locations far from urban centers, emphasizing isolation or distance from populated areas.
Diverse (adj): Indicates a variety of options or choices; for instance, a shop with a range of products, including electronic devices and literature.
Nature reserves: Protected wild areas designated by the government, prohibiting development to preserve wildlife and ecosystems.

Advertising (n): The practice of promoting goods or services; notable as a rapidly growing industry in the twentieth century.
Argue (v): Involves presenting and defending a particular opinion; for example, some medical professionals suggest excessive exercise may hinder natural development in youth.
Encourage (v): To support or promote certain actions or behaviors; students may be invited to attend extra classes, although it is not mandatory.

Fawn (adj): A specific grey-brown color often used to describe shading.
Lie-in (n): The act of staying in bed longer than necessary, often used as a form of self-care despite time limitations.
Tense (adj): Describes a situation filled with stress or anxiety, such as an unexpected resignation at a meeting.
Off-course (adj): Indicates a deviation from a planned path or expected outcome; chaotic situations can be described this way.
Rigid (adj): Describes a stiff or uncomfortable emotional state, often resulting from shock or fear.

Boil down to something (phr): Simplifies a complex situation to its core issue; for instance, a school crisis might stem from an inappropriate relationship between staff and students.
Go over something (phr v): Refers to reviewing material to ensure accuracy and correctness, a critical step in various tasks.
Stroke (n): A serious medical emergency caused by inadequate blood flow to the brain, leading to potentially severe long-term effects.
Torture (n): Figuratively denotes highly unpleasant circumstances; for example, daily homework can feel like torture for some students.

Sustain (v): To maintain or support something over time; personal finances may rely on salary and additional work to sustain a family budget.
Enthralled (adj): Describes a state of being deeply captivated or fascinated, often to the exclusion of other activities.
Withered (adj): Refers to something that is dried out or lifeless, such as neglected plants.
Peter out (phr v): Describes a gradual decline or cessation of an activity instead of an abrupt ending.

Reassuring (adj): Offers comfort or instills confidence, as seen in a doctor's positive prognosis regarding recovery rates.
Clue (n): A hint or piece of information that provides indirect insight into a subject.
Overlying (adj): Refers to multiple layers stacked upon one another, often used in geographical or structural contexts.
Thaw (n): A warm spell during winter leading to the melting of snow and ice.
Seek out (phr v): To actively look for something difficult to find.
Clarity (n): The quality of being clear or easy to understand, often essential in communication.
Tentative (adj): Characterizes cautious attempts lacking certainty; early efforts in a new skill like public speaking can be tentative but improve over time.
Unscheduled (adj): Describes spontaneous or unplanned events, emphasizing flexibility in scheduling.