Globalization from Below

What aphorism lies at the base of the globalization discussed?

How is the success of capital initiatives generally correlated with national states?

The process of capital seeking valorization is new in the contemporary period.

What modern advancements have contributed to globalization according to the text?

What does the author aim to contribute to the analysis of globalization?

The working-class response to globalization has solely led to the formation of international trade unions.

Common people have created __________ in response to globalization.

What does the aphorism 'capital is global, labor is local' imply?

What factor is increasingly correlated with the success of global capitalist initiatives?

The narrative in the text suggests that globalization has helped achieve equality and national development.

What technological improvements have driven the contemporary period of globalization?

The concept of ______ may serve as a counter to more visible forms of globalization, which is often described in recent literature.

What has been the response of common people to globalization, according to the text?

Globalization and Labor Dynamics

The phrase “capital is global, labor is local” reflects the tension between global capital movements and local labor forces.
Economic globalization has been viewed variably—as a triumph of free trade or a detriment to national liberation efforts.
Global capitalism leads to an inverse relationship: as capital expands, national economic autonomy and labor rights diminish.

Evolution of Capitalist Systems

The movement of capital seeking valorization and investment abroad is a historical constant, foundational to capitalist evolution.
Modern globalization is characterized by unprecedented speed and intensity due to advancements in technology, particularly in communication and transportation.

Technological Impact on Globalization

Contemporary globalization fosters rapid transnational connections, exemplified by instantaneous financial operations across continents.
Production processes now involve quick design to manufacturing transitions, such as a garment designed in New York being produced in Taiwan and shipped to San Francisco within a week.

Countervailing Reactions to Globalization

The expansion of global capitalism brings about various societal reactions, potentially leading to new forms of resistance and organization.
The anticipated era of unrestrained global capitalism may evolve into a complex struggle between exchange values and use values, as well as between formal laws and private interests.

Concept of Transnational Communities

Transnational communities emerge as a significant response to capitalist globalization, challenging dominant global narratives.
The concept aims to encapsulate everyday social networks and relationships that form within the context of expansive global systems.

Working-Class Responses

Responses from the working class to globalization have manifested differently than expected, avoiding traditional international trade union strategies.
Efforts to impose labor standards have largely failed due to competitive pressures undermining class solidarity across national borders.
Ordinary individuals are forming their own local networks and communities as a counter-response to globalization's challenges.

Explore Alejandro Portes' insightful essay on transnational communities and their impact on globalization. This work, part of a broader discussion in Latin America’s economy, highlights the interplay between local identities and global economic forces. Delve into the complexities of capital and community in our interconnected world.