Podcast
Questions and Answers
What global phenomenon is the yellow vest movement associated with?
What global phenomenon is the yellow vest movement associated with?
Globalization
The yellow vest protesters are considered the 'losers of _____.'
The yellow vest protesters are considered the 'losers of _____.'
globalization
Match the following characteristics with their descriptions:
Match the following characteristics with their descriptions:
Economic Alienation = Feeling disconnected from economic opportunities Political Alienation = Feeling unrepresented by mainstream political parties Class Divide = Disparity between different socioeconomic groups Urban/Rural Divide = Tensions between city and country populations
What is one of the main advantages of communism?
What is one of the main advantages of communism?
Signup and view all the answers
Market transition theory suggests that economic success is prioritized over political loyalty.
Market transition theory suggests that economic success is prioritized over political loyalty.
Signup and view all the answers
According to the power conversion thesis, individuals in high political positions can convert their political power into __________.
According to the power conversion thesis, individuals in high political positions can convert their political power into __________.
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is a predicted outcome of transitioning to a market economy in China?
Which of the following is a predicted outcome of transitioning to a market economy in China?
Signup and view all the answers
Match the theorist to their respective theory or concept.
Match the theorist to their respective theory or concept.
Signup and view all the answers
Stratification under communism primarily depends on the family background of individuals.
Stratification under communism primarily depends on the family background of individuals.
Signup and view all the answers
What leads to increased efficiency and innovation in an economy, according to the content?
What leads to increased efficiency and innovation in an economy, according to the content?
Signup and view all the answers
Which dimension of welfare regimes indicates the level of income inequality?
Which dimension of welfare regimes indicates the level of income inequality?
Signup and view all the answers
Welfare regimes with a universal selectivity dimension are typically more supportive of policies directed at the poor and the unemployed.
Welfare regimes with a universal selectivity dimension are typically more supportive of policies directed at the poor and the unemployed.
Signup and view all the answers
What are the three criteria of deservingness mentioned in relation to welfare regimes?
What are the three criteria of deservingness mentioned in relation to welfare regimes?
Signup and view all the answers
The Scandinavian welfare states aim to reduce market __________.
The Scandinavian welfare states aim to reduce market __________.
Signup and view all the answers
Match the welfare regime type with its characteristics:
Match the welfare regime type with its characteristics:
Signup and view all the answers
Which welfare regime is expected to show the highest levels of solidarity among majority populations?
Which welfare regime is expected to show the highest levels of solidarity among majority populations?
Signup and view all the answers
In liberal welfare regimes, majority populations tend to view immigrants as less deviant.
In liberal welfare regimes, majority populations tend to view immigrants as less deviant.
Signup and view all the answers
What does the labor market trajectory dimension refer to in welfare regimes?
What does the labor market trajectory dimension refer to in welfare regimes?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a significant factor in the decline of global inequality after 2002?
What is a significant factor in the decline of global inequality after 2002?
Signup and view all the answers
Inequality was at its highest between 1950 and 2000.
Inequality was at its highest between 1950 and 2000.
Signup and view all the answers
What are the three phases of global inequality?
What are the three phases of global inequality?
Signup and view all the answers
After 1980, rich countries grew ______ faster than poor countries.
After 1980, rich countries grew ______ faster than poor countries.
Signup and view all the answers
Match the country or region with its inequality characteristics:
Match the country or region with its inequality characteristics:
Signup and view all the answers
What does 'true' global inequality account for?
What does 'true' global inequality account for?
Signup and view all the answers
The world population income distribution is a smooth process.
The world population income distribution is a smooth process.
Signup and view all the answers
What roles do China and India play in global economic trends?
What roles do China and India play in global economic trends?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is not one of the four traps that keep a country poor?
Which of the following is not one of the four traps that keep a country poor?
Signup and view all the answers
Core countries are characterized by their wealth and dominance in global trade.
Core countries are characterized by their wealth and dominance in global trade.
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main consequence of the Natural Resource Trap?
What is the main consequence of the Natural Resource Trap?
Signup and view all the answers
Countries without access to the sea can face challenges in trade, which is referred to as the ______ Trap.
Countries without access to the sea can face challenges in trade, which is referred to as the ______ Trap.
Signup and view all the answers
Match the following types of countries with their descriptions:
Match the following types of countries with their descriptions:
Signup and view all the answers
What does de jure globalization refer to?
What does de jure globalization refer to?
Signup and view all the answers
Globalization has been shown to decrease inequality within countries.
Globalization has been shown to decrease inequality within countries.
Signup and view all the answers
Name one benefit of globalization according to the studies reviewed by Potrafke.
Name one benefit of globalization according to the studies reviewed by Potrafke.
Signup and view all the answers
What is the definition of risk?
What is the definition of risk?
Signup and view all the answers
High risk always means high vulnerability.
High risk always means high vulnerability.
Signup and view all the answers
What are social risks primarily a result of?
What are social risks primarily a result of?
Signup and view all the answers
Before industrial capitalism, welfare was primarily provided by _____ and _____ instead of the state.
Before industrial capitalism, welfare was primarily provided by _____ and _____ instead of the state.
Signup and view all the answers
Match the following components of the welfare state with their descriptions.
Match the following components of the welfare state with their descriptions.
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is an effect of industrial capitalism?
Which of the following is an effect of industrial capitalism?
Signup and view all the answers
Social insurance programs were initially developed to support single mothers.
Social insurance programs were initially developed to support single mothers.
Signup and view all the answers
What did the term 'commodification of labor' refer to during the emergence of industrial capitalism?
What did the term 'commodification of labor' refer to during the emergence of industrial capitalism?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Globalization and Welfare States
- Risk: The probability of a dangerous event multiplied by the expected damage. Social risks include a lack of basic security, vulnerability to harm, and insecure circumstances. Socioeconomic factors like unemployment, sickness, and disability increase poverty risk.
Social Risks Before Industrial Capitalism
- Risk was primarily an individual's responsibility. Families and communities provided welfare, with states playing a limited role.
- Poor relief was often conditional and based on perceived deservingness.
Industrial Capitalism and Life-Course Risks
- Industrialization created new risks like slum dwelling, low wages, and mass poverty. The informal welfare system collapsed, and social problems became recognized as system-produced rather than individual failures.
- Collective responses emerged, like friendly societies (private self-help groups) and unions, leading towards welfare states.
Welfare Capitalism
- Synergy between social policy and economic growth.
- First regulations and centralization of friendly societies.
- Social insurance programs like disability and old-age insurance.
- National welfare provision (universalism).
Welfare State Variation
- Contributory schemes: Funded by employee and employer contributions.
- Non-contributory schemes: Funded by general taxes.
- Liberal regimes: Low protection, individual, and low decommodification (reliance on private insurance). High poverty and inequality.
- Conservative Corporatist regimes: Medium protection, high if employed, state and family. Inequality.
- Social democratic regimes: Strong protection, state, and individual. High redistribution, low inequality.
Intergenerational Risks
- Transmission of social risks due to inheritance (housing and education). Creates cycles of poverty and inequality
Globalization and Welfare States
- Globalization causes increased interdependence and complex interactions globally.
Types of Risks
- Life-course risks: Risks faced at different stages of life (work, parenthood).
- Class risks: Unequal distribution of risks based on socioeconomic class. Stratification.
Globalization
- What is: Transplanetary process with increased interconnectedness, flows of people, information, and objects.
- Impact on welfare: Mixed effects (inequality, both within and between countries, displacement, etc.). Some argue it leads to greater divergence, while others indicate convergence over time.
- Phases of globalization: Different phases reflect distinct trends - regulation, deregulation, and financial deregulation are three distinct phases.
- Globalization index: Attempts to quantify globalization using indicators for trade, migration, political influence, etc.
Globalization and Inequality
- Global inequality, measured as income inequality, has declined between countries.
- But a rise in within-country inequality is apparent.
Globalization and Welfare State
- Compensatory effect: Expansion of welfare state to address rising inequality.
- Dualization: Distinctions between labor market insiders (benefiting from globalization) and outsiders (restrained by market flexibility).
- Politicization: Social and political conflicts over resource allocation and globalization's impact rise.
- The structure, or configuration of welfare states changes in the wake of globalization, reflecting a need for responses to address the challenges.
Welfare Chauvinism
- The belief that welfare benefits should be restricted to nationals, not immigrants.
Welfare Regimes
- Characteristics: differ in terms of selectivity (means-tested or universal), labor market trajectories, and inequality.
- Social Democratic regimes: High generosity and equal access (e.g., Scandinavian countries).
- Conservative Corporatist regimes: Strong worker protection and wage regulations (e.g., some Continental European countries).
- Liberal Regimes: Active labor markets with less social protection (e.g., Anglo-Saxon countries)
Power Conversion
- The political power of elites persists despite the transition to a market-oriented system.
Political Cleavages
- Conflicts create deep divisions around social issues like economic inequality, and social groups react.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
Explore the evolution of social risks and welfare states from pre-industrial times to the rise of industrial capitalism. Understand how industrialization transformed individual responsibilities into collective responses, culminating in the development of welfare capitalism. Delve into the interplay between socioeconomic factors and the state's role in providing security.
