Globalization and Sustainable Development Concepts

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Questions and Answers

What is the critical aspect emphasized by the 'new framework for inequality'?

  • Focusing on global gender equality initiatives.
  • Understanding the causes and solutions to poverty.
  • Identifying those who are falling behind in their development. (correct)
  • Measuring progress based on individual achievements.

According to the Goalkeepers report, what are the strongest predictors of future success?

  • Birthplace and gender. (correct)
  • Social networks and family support.
  • Education and skills.
  • Financial resources and access to healthcare.

Which of the following is an example of a tool being used to address inequality by expanding economic measures?

  • Investing in infrastructure development in developing countries.
  • Encouraging international cooperation on poverty alleviation programs.
  • Creating budgets that prioritize both economic and social indicators. (correct)
  • Promoting policies that increase access to education for all.

What initiative has New Zealand taken to address inequality?

<p>Creating a budget prioritizing social well-being alongside economic growth. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant shift did the Business Roundtable announce?

<p>Shifting focus from shareholder interests to stakeholder interests. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the article imply as a potential solution to address inequality?

<p>Expanding measures of economic performance to incorporate social conditions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of the 'new framework for inequality'?

<p>To understand who is being left behind, where, and how. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What specific aspect of the 'new framework for inequality' is highlighted in the text?

<p>The influence of birthplace and gender on an individual's future success. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the content, what is a key factor contributing to the rise of protests around the globe?

<p>Exclusionary practices in security, justice, and politics (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main point of the text regarding poverty data in Sub-Saharan Africa?

<p>Poverty data for Sub-Saharan Africa is outdated and unreliable. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the United Nations report referenced in the text indicate about development progress?

<p>Development progress has been significantly hindered by inequality. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main argument of the text regarding inequality?

<p>Inequality is a complex problem that requires a comprehensive and evolving approach to address it. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of Figure 5 mentioned in the excerpt?

<p>Figure 5 presents a new framework for understanding and addressing inequality. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main intention of the author in presenting the information about development progress lost due to inequality?

<p>To highlight the importance of equality in achieving development goals. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main implication of the statement "Toppling barriers to opportunity is key to making the transformative progress needed in 2020"?

<p>Removing social and economic barriers is crucial for achieving sustainable development. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The author's perspective towards the traditional approach to addressing inequality can be described as:

<p>Strong disapproval (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of the UK Sustainable Development Strategy?

<p>To achieve economic prosperity without causing environmental damage or social injustice. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main challenge in achieving a sustainable world, as mentioned in the text?

<p>Balancing economic growth with environmental protection and social equity. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between sustainability and stability?

<p>Sustainability guarantees stability; stability does not guarantee sustainability. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a key principle of the UK Sustainable Development Strategy?

<p>Prioritizing environmental protection over all other concerns. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should the use of non-renewable resources be addressed?

<p>They should be used efficiently while developing alternative energy sources. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the text suggest about the importance of economic prosperity in achieving a sustainable future?

<p>Economic prosperity is essential for addressing challenges like poverty and unemployment, which are crucial for achieving sustainability. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the UK Sustainable Development Strategy intended to be?

<p>A catalyst for change towards a more sustainable future. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an example of an area targeted for change in the UK Sustainable Development Strategy?

<p>Healthcare and social services. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What anniversary does the year 2020 mark for the war in Syria?

<p>Ninth anniversary (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant consequence of the crisis in Venezuela as indicated in the content?

<p>It may become the source of the world's largest refugee crisis. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which demographic is reported to be disproportionately affected by crises such as conflict and humanitarian disasters?

<p>Women and children (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the world's chronically food insecure people live in conflict-affected countries?

<p>60% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is projected about the population living in extreme poverty in 2030?

<p>80% will be in fragile or conflict-affected settings. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following trends is emphasized regarding the rising needs due to conflicts?

<p>More people required assistance than initially forecast due to conflicts and extreme weather-related disasters. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What mounting issue is exacerbated by urbanization according to the content?

<p>Lethal violence and violent crime (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant challenge mentioned concerning the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)?

<p>The daunting contexts posed by conflicts and extreme conditions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one key aspect of sustainable development emphasized in Agenda 21?

<p>Encouraging local community engagement in sustainable practices (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important for the environment to be resilient to human advances?

<p>To maintain ecological balance and support future generations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary reason governments should integrate sustainability into state affairs?

<p>To protect public health and welfare (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant goal of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for 2020?

<p>Encouraging poverty reduction and equitable growth (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a component of a sustainable development plan?

<p>Ignoring local socio-economic conditions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which stakeholder is critical in the implementation of sustainable development practices?

<p>Local communities and governments (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a sustainable development plan aim to improve in the Philippines?

<p>Eco-friendly agricultural practices (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does integrating sustainability into governmental policies help achieve?

<p>Long-term environmental stewardship and resource management (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between a stable environment and a sustainable environment?

<p>Sustainable environments are inherently stable, whereas stable environments lack resilience. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by 'stabilizing energy' in the context of environmental management?

<p>Energy available to do work without compromising system integrity. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the essay suggest about anthropogenic processes?

<p>They act as a counterforce that tends to destabilize the system. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the maximum energy of anthropogenic processes related to stabilizing energy?

<p>It cannot exceed stabilizing energy without reaching a metastate. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential outcome if society continues to exploit a system beyond its stabilizing energy?

<p>The system reaches a metastate, leading to instability. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of sustainability, what do the Sustainable Development Goals aim to address?

<p>Global challenges including poverty, inequality, and climate change. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best defines 'life-support system' in environmental management?

<p>A network of components supporting human life and well-being. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement reflects a common theme in environmental management research?

<p>Enhancing the inherent stability of life-support systems. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What are the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)?

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are a collection of 17 global goals set by the United Nations to address key challenges facing humanity, including poverty, inequality, climate change, and more.

Why is data important for achieving the SDGs?

One of the key challenges identified by the SDGs is the need for better and more frequent data collection to accurately measure progress towards achieving the goals. Without sufficient data, it is difficult to assess the effectiveness of policies and interventions.

How does inequality affect the world?

Inequality affects various aspects of society, including development, climate change, and peace. It hinders progress and creates imbalances in opportunities and resources.

What impact does inequality have on development?

A recent UN report indicates that a significant portion of development progress has been lost due to unequal distribution of resources like education, healthcare, and living standards.

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What does gender equality mean for the future?

The World Economic Forum predicts that it will take many years for women to achieve gender equality. This highlights the challenges and persistent inequalities faced by women globally.

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How can exclusion contribute to conflict?

Exclusionary practices in areas like security, justice, and politics can contribute to violent conflicts and unrest. These practices often perpetuate inequalities and create social tensions.

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How can we better understand inequality today?

The SDGs require a broader understanding of inequality, acknowledging the obstacles faced in accessing 21st-century skills and opportunities. This approach aims to address disparities in access to education, technology, and economic advancement.

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What is necessary to achieve progress?

Toppling barriers to opportunity is crucial for achieving transformative progress. This involves tackling inequality and creating a more inclusive and equitable society.

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Understanding Inequality

Measuring and understanding who is left behind, where, and how due to inequality.

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Goalkeepers Report

The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation's annual report on the progress of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), highlighting the challenges of achieving them.

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Predictors of Future Success

Factors that significantly impact an individual's chances of success in life, including where they are born and their gender.

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Birthplace and Gender as Barriers

The concept that geographical location and gender can create significant disadvantages, leading to disparities in opportunities and outcomes.

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Expanding Measures of Economic Performance

A new perspective on measuring economic performance that considers social conditions, going beyond traditional measures like GDP.

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Well-being Budget

A budget that prioritizes social well-being alongside economic measures to create a more equitable and sustainable society.

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Stakeholder Focus in Business

A shift in corporate focus from maximizing shareholder profits to considering the needs of all stakeholders, including employees, customers, and the community.

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Framework for Inequality

A new framework for addressing inequality by identifying disparities, understanding their root causes, and developing solutions to ensure equitable outcomes.

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Venezuela's Refugee Crisis

The situation in Venezuela could potentially result in the largest and least-supported refugee crisis globally.

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Syria and Yemen Conflicts

The Syrian Civil War has been ongoing for nine years, and the Yemeni Civil War for five. These are two of the longest and most devastating ongoing conflicts.

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Rising Violence in Cities

The frequency and intensity of violent crime are increasing in cities worldwide, posing significant challenges to urban safety and security.

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Increasing Risk of Interstate Conflicts

The risk of conflicts between countries, or geopolitical tensions, is escalating, making international peace and stability more precarious.

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Growing Humanitarian Needs

Conflicts and extreme weather events are driving an increasing number of people in need of humanitarian assistance.

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Vulnerability of Women and Children

Women and children are disproportionately affected by conflict, facing heightened risks of sexual and gender-based violence.

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Conflict and Food Insecurity

Over 60% of people globally who are chronically food insecure reside in countries affected by conflict.

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Conflict and Poverty Link

By 2030, a significant portion of the world's extremely poor population will be concentrated in fragile or conflict-affected settings.

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What is the UK's Sustainable Development Strategy?

The UK's Sustainable Development Strategy aims to achieve economic growth while minimizing environmental harm and social injustice.

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What are the key objectives of the UK's Sustainable Development Strategy?

The strategy prioritizes using resources efficiently, finding alternatives to non-renewable resources, and promoting a skilled workforce for economic prosperity.

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What is the approach to development in the UK's Sustainable Development Strategy?

It requires a shift in thinking about development, focusing on long-term perspectives, considering costs and benefits, and promoting transparency and participation.

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What are the ten guiding principles of the UK's Sustainable Development Strategy?

The ten guiding principles emphasize putting people at the center, combating poverty, respecting environmental limits, and using scientific knowledge.

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How are sustainability and stability related?

Sustainability leads to stability, but stability alone may not guarantee sustainability.

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What is the definition of sustainability?

It means meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

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Stable Environment

The ability of a system to resist change and maintain its current state. It emphasizes stability over adaptability.

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Resilient Environment

The ability of a system to adapt and recover from disturbances. It values resilience over static stability.

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Sustainable Environment

A system that can withstand disturbances and return to its original state. It prioritizes robustness over vulnerability.

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Stabilizing Energy

Energy that helps maintain a system's current state and ensures its integrity.

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Destabilizing Processes

Actions that negatively impact a system's stability, such as pollution and resource depletion.

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Metastate

The point at which a system's stabilizing energy is overwhelmed by destabilizing forces, leading to a significant change in its state.

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Maximum Anthropogenic Energy

The maximum amount of energy that can be extracted from a system without compromising its stability.

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Harvesting or Using a System as a Sink

The act of using a system as a source of resources or a dumping ground for waste.

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What is Agenda 21?

A comprehensive plan established in 1992 by the United Nations to address global environmental and development issues, aiming to promote sustainable development in various sectors like poverty reduction, sustainable consumption and production, and biodiversity conservation.

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What is Sustainable Development?

The idea that human progress should be achieved in harmony with the natural environment, ensuring the well-being of both present and future generations by balancing economic development, social equity, and environmental protection.

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Why should governments integrate sustainability in state affairs?

The integration of sustainability principles into all aspects of government policy-making, ensuring that decisions consider the long-term environmental and social impacts along with economic benefits.

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How do the SDGs address economic development?

The SDGs aim to promote inclusive and equitable economic growth, create decent work and promote full and productive employment, and stimulate sustainable and inclusive industrialization and innovation. These goals aim to ensure that all people have equal opportunities to benefit from economic progress.

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How do the SDGs address social development?

Addressing global inequalities, promoting gender equality, providing quality education and healthcare for all, reducing poverty, and protecting the environment are key aims of the SDGs. Achieving these goals requires a multi-faceted approach that involves all stakeholders.

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How do the SDGs address environmental sustainability?

The SDGs emphasize the importance of environmental sustainability by focusing on climate action, conservation of marine and terrestrial ecosystems, sustainable consumption and production patterns, and promoting responsible management of natural resources. Sustainable use of resources and environmental protection are vital for a healthy planet.

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How can we achieve the SDGs?

Achieving the SDGs requires collaborative efforts from governments, businesses, civil society, and individuals. It involves promoting partnerships, encouraging innovation, sharing knowledge, and empowering communities to contribute to sustainable development.

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Study Notes

Concepts of Globalization

  • Sustainable development prioritizes environmental considerations in development
  • Learners should understand the significance of sustainable development in a globalized world.
  • Distinguish between stability and sustainability.
  • Evaluate the concept of sustainable development in a shrinking world.

Climate Action Accelerated?

  • The past decade was the warmest on record.
  • Extreme weather events (wildfires, hurricanes, etc.) and climate-influenced migration and hunger are regular occurrences.
  • Melting ice caps, rising sea levels, and ecosystem risk are significant concerns.
  • One million animal and plant species may be extinct within years.
  • There's a global movement for climate action.

Decade to Deliver on the SDGs

  • 2020 marks a crucial year for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by 2030.
  • Countries need to align policies, financing, and goals to reach the objectives.
  • There has been significant effort to address the SDGs.
  • Improvement in poverty rate, increased life expectancy, and improved health services have been highlighted.

Inequality and Exclusion

  • Inequality significantly impacts various aspects of development (climate, peace, etc.).
  • Inequality in income, education, and healthcare negatively affect societal progress.
  • The uneven distribution of progress in development is evident; 20% decline in achievement is noted.
  • Processes in security, justice, and politics fuel violent conflicts.

Crises on the Brink

  • Refugee displacement is increasing dramatically, especially due to conflicts and extreme weather (e.g., Syria, Yemen, Venezuela).
  • Women and children are disproportionately affected by conflicts and extreme weather.
  • 80% of the world's population in extreme poverty reside in fragile or conflict-affected areas by 2030.

UN at 75

  • The UN approaches its 75th anniversary, aiming for a sustainable, equitable, and just future.
  • The UN calls for a global conversation about the future and identifying crucial mega-trends.

Sustainable Development

  • Sustainable development aims to meet current needs without compromising future generations' ability to meet their own needs.
  • The World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED) outlined principles for sustainable environment and development policies.
  • The UK's strategy emphasizes ten principles: people-centered, long-term perspective, cost-benefit analysis, economic and social inclusivity, and respect for environmental limits.

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