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Questions and Answers
What is Business Process Outsourcing (BPO)?
What is Business Process Outsourcing (BPO)?
What is the primary focus of globalization as defined by most scholars?
What is the primary focus of globalization as defined by most scholars?
Nearshoring refers to outsourcing business processes to distant countries.
Nearshoring refers to outsourcing business processes to distant countries.
False
Globalization is universally accepted to have one specific definition.
Globalization is universally accepted to have one specific definition.
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Name one event that supports the ongoing trend of globalization.
Name one event that supports the ongoing trend of globalization.
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Name one example of a global intergovernmental organization (IGO).
Name one example of a global intergovernmental organization (IGO).
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Globalization is often associated with the shrinking of the world in terms of being closer despite geographical __________.
Globalization is often associated with the shrinking of the world in terms of being closer despite geographical __________.
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The _____ of operating activities refers to moving them to another country.
The _____ of operating activities refers to moving them to another country.
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Match the types of organizations with their definitions:
Match the types of organizations with their definitions:
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What is Knowledge Process Outsourcing (KPO) focused on?
What is Knowledge Process Outsourcing (KPO) focused on?
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Onshoring refers to outsourcing services within the same country.
Onshoring refers to outsourcing services within the same country.
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Which of the following is NOT an example of a global intergovernmental organization?
Which of the following is NOT an example of a global intergovernmental organization?
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Globalization is only an economic process and does not affect social or cultural aspects.
Globalization is only an economic process and does not affect social or cultural aspects.
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What types of globalization events are difficult to categorize purely?
What types of globalization events are difficult to categorize purely?
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Match the outsourcing type with its definition:
Match the outsourcing type with its definition:
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Who defines globalization as a social process that diminishes the constraints of geography?
Who defines globalization as a social process that diminishes the constraints of geography?
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Which of the following is a characteristic of modernization theory?
Which of the following is a characteristic of modernization theory?
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Migration has no impact on the culture of receiving countries.
Migration has no impact on the culture of receiving countries.
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What is a major reason that individuals migrate?
What is a major reason that individuals migrate?
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Migration can lead to __________ as different cultural beliefs may clash.
Migration can lead to __________ as different cultural beliefs may clash.
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Match the following terms to their definitions:
Match the following terms to their definitions:
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What is an essential service that governments must ensure can keep up with migrant demands?
What is an essential service that governments must ensure can keep up with migrant demands?
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What role do migrants often fill in the labor market?
What role do migrants often fill in the labor market?
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There is a universal solution to the challenges posed by migration.
There is a universal solution to the challenges posed by migration.
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Migrants are typically welcomed and valued in all host countries.
Migrants are typically welcomed and valued in all host countries.
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Migration can help counteract the effects of an aging population by filling gaps in the __________.
Migration can help counteract the effects of an aging population by filling gaps in the __________.
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What is one potential negative impact of migration on local communities?
What is one potential negative impact of migration on local communities?
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Migrants can contribute to __________ and entrepreneurship in their host communities.
Migrants can contribute to __________ and entrepreneurship in their host communities.
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Match the following terms related to migration and their definitions:
Match the following terms related to migration and their definitions:
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Which of the following describes a benefit of migration?
Which of the following describes a benefit of migration?
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A secure border is not important for managing migration effectively.
A secure border is not important for managing migration effectively.
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What is one tool that integration provides to migrants?
What is one tool that integration provides to migrants?
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Which statement best describes the perspective of skeptics regarding periphery countries?
Which statement best describes the perspective of skeptics regarding periphery countries?
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The transformationlist perspective suggests that national governments are becoming less important.
The transformationlist perspective suggests that national governments are becoming less important.
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Name two regions that are typically considered periphery countries.
Name two regions that are typically considered periphery countries.
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Countries in the _____ category have economies that are relatively diversified and developed.
Countries in the _____ category have economies that are relatively diversified and developed.
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Match the following terms with their descriptions:
Match the following terms with their descriptions:
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What is a common characteristic of periphery countries?
What is a common characteristic of periphery countries?
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Skeptics argue that today's international processes are becoming globalized.
Skeptics argue that today's international processes are becoming globalized.
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What is the minimum wage?
What is the minimum wage?
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Work does not have inherent dignity as it is only about the output.
Work does not have inherent dignity as it is only about the output.
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What type of class structure exists in periphery countries?
What type of class structure exists in periphery countries?
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What is the main purpose of collective bargaining between governments, workers, and companies?
What is the main purpose of collective bargaining between governments, workers, and companies?
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The process of creating laws to protect workers' rights is called _____
The process of creating laws to protect workers' rights is called _____
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Match the following terms with their correct descriptions:
Match the following terms with their correct descriptions:
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Which of the following represents a right of workers?
Which of the following represents a right of workers?
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A person must work for three years in private companies to become a regular employee.
A person must work for three years in private companies to become a regular employee.
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How does work contribute to personal growth?
How does work contribute to personal growth?
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Study Notes
Globalization
- Globalization is a social process, repeatedly occurring, where the world feels smaller despite distance.
- No universal definition exists for globalization, but most relate it to the global economy.
- Scholars define it differently: Malcolm Waters sees it as shrinking geographical constraints on social relations; Anthony Giddens highlights intensified worldwide social relations; Martin Albrow views it as the incorporation of world's people into a singular global society; David Held et al. describe it as a transformation of spatial organization of social relations.
- Globalization involves the integration of countries after World War II, with concerns transcending borders (e.g., climate change, COVID-19).
International Organizations (IOs)
- IOs are created for increased international collaboration & response to global issues.
- Countries voluntarily form groups of three or more.
- Global governmental IOs (e.g., UN, World Bank, WTO, IMF) are attended by most countries.
- Regional IOs (e.g., ASEAN, EU, Organization of Islamic Countries) are specific to regions.
De-localization
- Prior to globalization, products were locally produced, requiring on-site workers.
- Now, products & services are often outsourced and produced in other countries.
- Companies benefit from outsourcing to lower labor costs and focus on other tasks.
- Examples include business process outsourcing (BPO) & knowledge process outsourcing (KPO).
Globalization Enablers
- Historical, political, economic events supported by technological advancements shape globalization.
- Examples include historic events like trade routes, wars, revolutions, and economic phenomena.
- Technological advancements (phones, internet) enable real-time communication & faster delivery.
Globalization Effects
- Globalization has positive and negative aspects.
- Dimensions include economic, socio-cultural, political, environmental, and technological aspects.
- Positive effects include technological advancements, cultural awareness, job opportunities, etc.
- Negative effects include increased unemployment and economic disparity.
Impacts of Migration on Receiving Countries
- Migration affects culture, by diversifying it and causing misunderstanding/prejudice.
- Societal impacts include generational shifts (migrants addressing population aging), and need for accommodating policies.
- Migrants can bring innovation and entrepreneurship to host countries.
- Impacts vary in context and circumstance; migration isn't intrinsically good or bad, it's a key feature of current times.
Impacts of Migration on Origin Countries
- Origin countries experience "brain drain" where skilled workers leave in search of better opportunities reducing workforce and expertise.
- Migration can create labor shortages requiring the need for foreign help.
Globalization Theories
- World-systems theory focuses on the world as an interconnected unit rather than individual countries, highlighting the interdependency of economies and questioning whether periphery countries' underdevelopment stems from being a part of a global system.
- Dependency theory suggests that periphery countries are poor due to resource extraction and dependency on core countries.
- Modernization theory posits all countries can progress towards modernization following a similar path.
- Hyper-globalists see globalization's significant influence on countries, while skeptics consider it regionalized. Transformationalists see globalization as a complex process with varied outcomes.
Child Labor
- Child labor is work that deprives children of their childhood, potential, and dignity; it's often harmful to their physical and emotional development.
- Such work is often unsupervised, for lengthy hours, in unsafe workplaces, and sometimes illegal.
Employment/Unemployment
- Working-age population encompasses those aged 15 or older with jobs or actively seeking them.
- Unemployment encompasses various types (voluntary, frictional, structural, seasonal, cyclical) based on reasons (lack of skills, discrimination, etc.).
Decent Human Work
- Decent human work involves the recognition of work as a core component of human dignity, ensuring fair wages, security of tenure, social protection, and freedom of association.
- Decent work also means providing workers with opportunities for personal development, equity, and security.
- Four pillars: sustainable employment, fair wages, rights, and social protections.
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Description
Explore the complex concepts of globalization and the role of international organizations in addressing global challenges. This quiz delves into the definitions of globalization, its historical context, and the significance of IOs like the UN and World Bank. Test your knowledge on how these elements interact in a shrinking world.
