Globalization and Health Effects

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Questions and Answers

What commission did the late President Benjamin William Mkapa co-chair?

World Commission on the Social Dimension of Globalization

According to Mbilinyi, what is globalization?

Neo-colonialism

According to UNDP, what are the three main flows that integrate in a single global market?

Trade, finance, and information

Prior to the 15th century, what was the center of the world economy according to the text?

The Mediterranean area Signup and view all the answers

What is the main driver of the speed and intensity of globalization, according to President Mkapa?

Technological progress Signup and view all the answers

What is the 'cutthroat competition' mentioned in the text associated with?

A world dominated by globalization Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal of globalization regarding national markets?

To progressively integrate them into a single global market Signup and view all the answers

What process involved the creation of overseas dependencies, colonies and neo-colonies?

Globalization Signup and view all the answers

Explain how the Industrial Revolution transitioned capitalism from a pre-monopoly stage to a monopoly stage.

The Industrial Revolution led to a concentration of wealth and power in the hands of a few individuals and corporations, creating monopolies in various industries. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary ethical principle associated with capitalism?

Individualism Signup and view all the answers

Describe the impact of the Great October Revolution of 1917 on the global economic and political system.

The Great October Revolution divided the world into two ideological camps: capitalism and socialism, marked by the rivalry between the United States and the Soviet Union. Signup and view all the answers

How did the Cold War affect the process of globalization?

The Cold War hindered globalization by splitting the unified world market and introducing ideological conflict between capitalist and socialist blocs. Signup and view all the answers

Explain how the collapse of communist states contributed to the advancement of globalization.

The fall of communism removed a major ideological barrier to globalization, paving the way for a capitalist-driven global economy and promoting economic integration. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of ideological conformity or unity in the context of globalization?

It provides a unifying framework for building a globalized economy and culture, based on shared values and principles. Signup and view all the answers

In Benjamin Mkapa's view, what are the key drivers of globalization?

Mkapa argues that power dynamics are the primary drivers of globalization, including the power to set rules, pursue national interests unilaterally, and influence others. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main concern regarding globalization, particularly in relation to poor countries?

Globalization can lead to the marginalization of poor countries, potentially widening the gap between rich and poor nations. Signup and view all the answers

Explain how globalization has affected the flow of goods and services between nations.

Globalization has increased the flow of goods and services by reducing trade restrictions, leading to greater economic liberalization. Signup and view all the answers

Describe the development of financial markets as a consequence of globalization.

Globalization has led to the growth of global financial markets, with significant capital flows between developed economies and emerging markets. Signup and view all the answers

What advantages does globalization offer developing countries in terms of technological transfer?

Globalization facilitates the flow of technology between nations, particularly through advancements in information and communication technology (ICT). Signup and view all the answers

Explain the historical context of the emergence of capitalism during the Industrial Revolution.

The Industrial Revolution fostered a transition from a pre-monopoly capitalism (free markets) to a monopoly stage, marked by the rise of large corporations and concentrated wealth. Signup and view all the answers

How did the Great October Revolution of 1917 impact the world's economic and political system?

The October Revolution created a socialist system in Russia, splitting the world into two opposing ideological camps: capitalism and socialism. Signup and view all the answers

How has globalization impacted the relationship between developed and developing countries?

Globalization has created opportunities for developing countries through increased trade and technological transfer but has also led to concerns about their economic marginalization. Signup and view all the answers

What are the main advantages of globalization for developing countries?

Globalization can benefit developing countries by increasing trade, boosting economic growth, and providing access to new technologies and markets. Signup and view all the answers

What is a key dynamic of globalization, as described in the provided text?

The compression of time and space. Signup and view all the answers

Besides trade, what other economic concerns are involved in globalization?

Investment, financial flows, technology, competition, global production, distribution and policies. Signup and view all the answers

What social and cultural concern associated with globalization is specifically mentioned in the text?

Poverty, inequality, employment, drug trafficking and crime. Signup and view all the answers

What is noted as the main driving force of globalization throughout its history?

Developments in science and technology. Signup and view all the answers

Before the 15th century, what type of trade was most common according to the text?

Continental and national trade. Signup and view all the answers

Name one example of transcontinental trade from before the 15th century, as mentioned in the text.

Trade between West Africa and the Mediterranean sea. Signup and view all the answers

What geographical area was central to the world economy before the voyages of exploration, according to the text?

The Mediterranean region. Signup and view all the answers

What limited the quantity of commodities traded in pre-15th century trade?

Long distances and the use of animals, manpowered or wind powered sea vessels. Signup and view all the answers

What were the major geographical areas 'discovered' as a result of European voyages of exploration?

Africa, the West Indies, North and South America, and Australasia. Signup and view all the answers

What was the main outcome from the development of shipping during voyages of exploration?

Increased trade with the East, and the opening of new areas for commerce. Signup and view all the answers

What major geographical shift occurred in world commerce after the voyages of exploration, as indicated by the text?

From the Mediterranean to Western Europe. Signup and view all the answers

Who is credited with the argument that globalization is a process of integration and internationalization?

Mkapa. Signup and view all the answers

What determines the current and future speed of globalization?

Information and communication technologies (ICT) and the profit motive of capitalism. Signup and view all the answers

What does the text say about the role of political domination in the integration of Third World countries into the global system?

It integrated them into the capitalist mode of production and political system of exploitation. Signup and view all the answers

What was a key characteristic of world trade before the voyages of exploration, according to the text?

Limited international or transcontinental trade. Signup and view all the answers

Besides slaves, what commodities did West Africa export during the period discussed?

West Africa did not export commodities other than slaves during this period. Signup and view all the answers

What was the main purpose of the Berlin Conference of 1884/5?

The main purpose was to divide Africa among European imperialist nations to avoid war. Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by 'primitive accumulation' in the context of the pre-industrial era?

Primitive accumulation refers to the initial accumulation of capital through the sale of slaves, exploitation of slave labor, and destruction of craftsmen and serfs. Signup and view all the answers

What is the 'Great Trade Triangle'?

The Great Trade Triangle is the trade pattern between Europe, West Africa, and the Americas. Signup and view all the answers

What role did slave labor play in the Industrial Revolution?

Slave labor produced valuable commodities, which became industrial raw materials and consumer goods in Europe, fueling the revolution. Signup and view all the answers

Which region became a periphery of both the West Indies and Asia?

East Africa is described as a periphery of both the West Indies and Asia. Signup and view all the answers

What are the two phases of capitalism development discussed in this text?

The two phases mentioned are the pre-monopoly phase and the monopoly phase, or imperialism. Signup and view all the answers

Besides spices, what other goods did East Africa export?

East Africa also exported rhinoceros horns, elephant tusks, and slaves. Signup and view all the answers

What was the main reason for Western Europe's increased need for external markets after the Industrial Revolution?

They needed external markets because industrial technologies enabled them to produce more than their internal markets could consume. Signup and view all the answers

How does the text describe the impact of overseas trade on feudal states?

Overseas trade weakened feudal society by providing competition to closed guilds and fueling the growth of the manufacturing system. Signup and view all the answers

What does the text suggest about the long term economic impact of imperialism?

Imperialism led to an international division of labor, perpetuating an unequal economic system that is still seen today. Signup and view all the answers

According to the text , how did the Industrial Revolution lead to imperialism?

Increased industrial output led to the need for external markets, which in turn drove the political annexation of overseas territories. Signup and view all the answers

What did Karl Marx say the discovery of the Americas did for the bourgeoisie?

Karl Marx stated that the discovery of the Americas opened up fresh ground for the rising bourgeoisie. Signup and view all the answers

What is one example of the commodities produced by slave labor in the Americas?

The text mentions gold, cotton, tobacco, sugar, and rum as commodities produced by slave labor. Signup and view all the answers

What is the specific period that is described as the “period of primitive accumulation”?

The period between 1500 and the 1760s is referred to as the period of primitive accumulation. Signup and view all the answers

What key strategy, besides regional cooperation, is suggested to enhance collective self-reliance among developing countries?

South Cooperation Signup and view all the answers

Besides training, what critical attributes are mentioned as lacking in negotiators from developing countries, making them susceptible to bribery?

Seriousness and patriotism Signup and view all the answers

What specific area of investment, in addition to science and technology, is highlighted as crucial for developing countries to compete in the global market?

Non-traditional crop exports Signup and view all the answers

What term is used to describe the phenomenon of the world becoming interconnected due to ICT advancements?

"Global village" Signup and view all the answers

What can mitigate some of the negative socio-cultural impacts of globalization?

Conscious and responsible organs Signup and view all the answers

What is identified as a critical factor for developing nations to transform globalization threats into opportunities?

Patriotism, initiative, and commitment Signup and view all the answers

What specific types of natural resources, besides minerals, are mentioned as strategic assets that developing countries should leverage?

Tourism and fisheries Signup and view all the answers

Besides promoting exports, what behavioral changes for citizens are suggested as necessary to ensure economic growth within developing nations?

Promoting savings Signup and view all the answers

What fundamental element of economic policy must be ensured by developing country governments in order to promote economic growth, as stated in the text?

Macroeconomic balance and provision of infrastructure Signup and view all the answers

Which historical process, enhanced by globalization, has been identified as a major cause of cultural imperialism?

Colonialism Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary motivation of globalization?

Capitalist profit Signup and view all the answers

What was the main purpose of socialist planning with regards to capitalism?

To counter resource allocation favoring the wealthy Signup and view all the answers

What was a key reason for the collapse of socialist/communist regimes according to the text?

Allocation of resources to non-productive sectors. Signup and view all the answers

What does the text suggest is a consequence of globalization in terms of inequality between countries?

A widening gap between rich and poor countries. Signup and view all the answers

What is the short-run form of capitalism in developing countries going through globalization?

Pre-monopoly capitalism. Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential long-term consequence of globalization on smaller firms, as described in the text?

Monopoly capitalism Signup and view all the answers

How has globalization affected the state's role with regard to trade, as mentioned in the text?

Increased regulatory role. Signup and view all the answers

What does the text imply about the ability of some governments to handle the increase in traders?

Lack of knowledge to handle the increase. Signup and view all the answers

What is one way globalization has impacted the authority of states according to the text?

The power of states has declined Signup and view all the answers

How has the ICT revolution negatively impacted culture, as mentioned in the text?

Negative influence on traditions and values. Signup and view all the answers

What has been happening with local elites in regards to consumption in the developing world, according to text?

Conspicuous consumption. Signup and view all the answers

What does the text say about globalization being abandoned?

It cannot be ignored or abandoned Signup and view all the answers

What was a proposed solution to exploitative center-periphery relations from a dependency theory perspective?

Disengagement. Signup and view all the answers

What fundamental principle does the text rely on for adapting globalization to our advantage?

Not as victims but disadvantaged participants. Signup and view all the answers

What overriding factor is identified as causing corruption according to the text?

Self-interest. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Globalization: Its Evolution and Effects on Health

Globalization is a process of integration and internationalization, existing for centuries, but its speed and intensity are determined by technological advancements and capitalist motivations.
Definitions of globalization vary. Some view it as "neo-colonialism," while others describe it as the widening and deepening of international flows (trade, finance, information) in a single global market.

Historical Evolution of Globalization

Early globalization (pre-15th century): Limited, primarily continental trade networks existed. Some transcontinental trade routes like the Trans-Saharan trade connected different regions.
Globalization after voyages of exploration (1500-1760s): European exploration spurred world commerce, shifting the center from the Mediterranean to Western Europe. Trade linked the continents, creating new peripheries, but often involved exploitative practices, such as the slave trade. This period's trade was crucial for the Industrial Revolution.
Primitive Accumulation: The Industrial Revolution's pre-cursor was the accumulation of wealth through the sale of slaves, their exploitation, and the displacement of traditional craftsmen/serfs.
Industrial Revolution and Global Economy (1760s-1900): The Industrial Revolution intensified globalization, leading to imperialism and the international division of labor (raw materials from colonies, finished goods from metropoles). The Berlin Conference (1884/5) exemplifies the scramble for resources in Africa.
Globalization during the Cold War: The division of the world into capitalist and socialist camps slowed global integration, with the Third World seeking to benefit from trade and aid from both.
Globalization after the Collapse of Communism: Collapse of communist states allowed for increased economic integration under a capitalist model, although this integration has inherent power imbalances.

Current State of Globalization

Positive Impacts: Increased trade, development of financial markets, technology flows, more access to goods. However, increased imports/exports don't always equate to economic growth.
Negative Impacts: Widening wealth gap, exploitation in developing countries, and a potential for the erosion of local traditions & cultures through cultural imperialism.

Strategies for Developing Countries

Constructive engagement, not withdrawal: Recognizing globalization is unavoidable but unfair.
Prioritizing national interests: Developing collective self-reliance through regional cooperation (SADC, EAC).
Investing in science and technology.
Increasing negotiation capabilities (negotiating trade agreements, commodity prices, and technology transfers).
Improvement to adapt to the market, by becoming competitive through production and marketing.

Conclusion

Globalization is a historical process, now accelerating through technology, and impacts all countries differently.
Developed countries often dominate global systems. Developing nations need appropriate strategies to benefit from, not be marginalized by, this process.

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Description

Explore the evolution of globalization and its impact on health in this quiz. From early trade networks to modern global commerce, understand the varying definitions and consequences of globalization on public health. Test your knowledge on how globalization has shaped health outcomes across different regions.