Globalisation Booklet 2

Study Notes

North Korea is politically isolated from the rest of the world by choice.
Citizens of North Korea do not have access to the internet or social media.
Globalisation is bringing about poverty reduction, as people move from rural areas to urban centres for work.
The manufacturing sector in Bangladesh and China, and service jobs in India, are experiencing growth.
Education and training systems are improving across Asia.
Infrastructure improvements include modern motorways, high-speed rail, and airports.
Urban development is accelerating, but many countries are facing challenges like overcrowded slums.

Unethical economic practices are a consequence, including dangerous working conditions and unequal pay for men and women.
Child labour is an issue.
Environmental and resource pressures are linked to the growth of TNCs.
Forests in Nigeria are shrinking due to urbanisation.

The decline of regionally important manufacturing industries is a major concern.
Detroit is an example of a declining rust belt city, relying on the automotive industry.
Its population has decreased, and the industry is outsourcing.

Push factors, like poverty, conflict, and natural disasters, are driving people from rural areas.
Pull factors like jobs, education, and housing in urban areas attract people.
This shift contributes to the growth of large cities or megacities.
Social tensions, like racial segregation and poverty concentration, are common side effects.

Host regions benefit from migrant skills and labour in fields like healthcare but face skill shortages. A shortage of workers leads to economic growth.
Migrants contribute to the economy, while source areas experience a reduction in their working-age population which may negatively affect economic growth.
Increased remittances sent from migrants to their families are a benefit for source regions.