Globalisation and Culture

<p>Lack of effective governance and institutional capacity in some regions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They promote cross-cultural understanding and shared values among students. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It restricts unilateral decision-making while fostering cooperation and shared influence. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Promoting cultural exchange, shared values, and common symbols. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Military alliances. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gender equality (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Microfinance programs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sahel Women's Empowerment and Demographic Dividend Project (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They often lack depth. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1990s (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Structural roots of inequality (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They neglect qualitative outcomes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enhancing labor market participation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased market access (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pressure to conform to EU policies (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transferred voting power to emerging economies (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bureaucratic inefficiencies and delays (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It shapes how projects align with international standards (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Emerging economies have gained some voting power (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>EU structural funds (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Facilitate shared oversight and expertise (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Streamlined decision-making processes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Democratic deficit concerns (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By acting as neutral arbiters (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Perception of Europeanisation as a threat to national identity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Relinquishing control over policymaking (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A perception of distance and lack of accountability (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They provide a platform for resolving trade disputes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It demonstrated the concerns over national sovereignty and integration (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Erosion of national sovereignty (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reduced direct accountability to citizens (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They often lead to cuts in public spending affecting vulnerable populations. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can lead to bureaucratic complexities (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased public investment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Greater influence for wealthier nations (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To stabilize the economy and restore investor confidence. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Addressing unique regional needs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can exacerbate inequality by undermining local industries. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can result in inaction on issues where major powers have competing interests. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Loss of control over national priorities (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Improving transparency and accountability. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Global power imbalances (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To coordinate solutions to transnational challenges (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Criteria attached to loans that require economic reforms. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Possible undermining of local industries. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The process by which the institutions and policies of the European Union (EU) influence the governance and policies of member states.

The ability of a state to independently govern itself without external influence.

The adoption of EU legislation by member states, requiring them to align their policies with EU standards.

The challenges faced by smaller EU member states in navigating complex EU frameworks, potentially leading to a loss of national autonomy.

Financial assistance provided by the EU to member states for infrastructure development and other projects.

The feeling of being pressured to conform to EU policies even if they conflict with national priorities.

The advantages that smaller EU member states gain from access to a larger market, funding opportunities, and collective decision-making on global issues.

The process of increasing the representation and influence of developing countries within international institutions.

The World Bank's commitment to promoting gender equality and addressing disparities in areas like education, healthcare, and economic participation.

The World Bank's approach to gender equality started gaining traction in the 1990s due to the growing understanding of the connection between gender equity and poverty reduction.

The World Bank incorporates gender analysis into its project design and implementation, ensuring women's access to resources and opportunities.

Initiatives like the Sahel Women's Empowerment and Demographic Dividend Project aim to address gender disparities by improving women's access to education, healthcare, and economic opportunities.

Microfinance programs supported by the World Bank have empowered women economically, enabling them to start small businesses and improve their financial independence.

Critics argue the World Bank's focus on gender equality often lacks depth, neglecting to address deeper societal structures that perpetuate inequality, like patriarchal norms and discriminatory policies.

Programs focusing on women's entrepreneurship may not consider legal and social limitations women face in accessing resources and opportunities.

The World Bank's reliance on economic metrics to measure success may overlook the broader impact and progress in achieving gender equality.

The process of countries giving up some control over their affairs to work together on shared issues.

A sense of shared identity and belonging among people in different countries, often fostered through symbols, policies, and shared values.

Concerns and opposition to European integration, often based on fears of losing national sovereignty or cultural identity.

The transfer of power from national governments to supranational institutions like the EU or the WTO, which have the authority to make and enforce rules.

The ability of supranational institutions to make decisions efficiently and effectively because everyone follows the same rules.

The benefit of supranational institutions in upholding fairness and consistency in rule enforcement.

A potential drawback of supranational institutions where national governments may lose some control over policymaking.

A concern about supranational institutions lacking direct accountability to citizens, potentially leading to a disconnect between decision-makers and the people they represent.

The risk that countries lose control over key policy areas when they delegate decision-making power to supranational institutions.

The potential for supranational institutions to become slow and inefficient in decision-making, particularly during crises.

The possibility that supranational institutions may not be able to respond appropriately to emergencies or challenges.

The unequal distribution of voting power within supranational institutions, giving greater influence to wealthier nations.

When reliance on supranational institutions disregards unique regional or community needs.

When supranational institutions become an over-reliance, potentially hindering individual countries from developing independent solutions.

A balance between national sovereignty and supranational institutions is crucial for effective global governance.

Conditions attached to IMF loans that require borrowing countries to implement specific economic reforms.

Policies aimed at reducing government spending and debt, often involving cuts to public services.

Opening up markets to international trade, often leading to increased competition for local industries.

Transferring ownership of state-owned businesses to private entities.

Managing government finances responsibly, balancing spending and revenue.

The potential negative effects of austerity measures on vulnerable groups, such as those relying on public services.

The argument that IMF policies can lead to a widening gap between rich and poor, often benefiting wealthier groups.

The concern that IMF conditionalities might weaken local industries by increasing competition from foreign goods.

The balancing act between a country's own interests and the common goals of the European Union. This means countries must sometimes give up some of their independence to work together.

EU funds used to support infrastructure, education, and innovation projects in less-developed regions. Aiming to reduce income inequality and improve living standards.

The process of member states adopting EU standards in areas like taxes, competition, and environmental regulations, leading to a more unified economic system.

Boosting economic growth and development in poorer EU regions by enabling businesses to reach a larger market.

Issues related to ineffective governance and corruption in some regions can hinder the positive impact of EU funding.

The process of fostering a sense of unity and belonging among Europeans by promoting cultural exchange and shared values.

Programs like Erasmus, which allow students to study in other EU countries, encourage cross-cultural understanding and a sense of belonging to a larger European community.