Global Studies Week 1 Key Concepts
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Questions and Answers

What is censorship and why is it implemented by authorities?

Censorship is the limitation of ideas that individuals can express and the prevention of certain materials from public access, implemented by authorities to control the narrative and protect certain ideologies.

Explain the difference between internal and external pluralism in media.

Internal pluralism refers to the diversity of voices and opinions within a single media outlet, while external pluralism involves the coexistence of different media types and outlets in the broader media landscape.

What are the primary goals of fake news?

The primary goals of fake news are to generate revenue through sensationalism or to promote or discredit individuals, political movements, or entities.

How does disinformation differ from misinformation?

<p>Disinformation involves the deliberate spread of false information, typically for political purposes, while misinformation is incorrect or misleading information that is spread without intent to deceive.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is media pluralism important in a democratic society?

<p>Media pluralism is important in a democratic society because it ensures a diversity of viewpoints, fostering informed public discourse and preventing monopolization of information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What consequences can arise from the Security Dilemma phenomenon between states?

<p>Arms races, instability, and potential for war can arise as states respond to perceived military threats.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the concept of the Thucydides Trap in the context of international relations.

<p>The Thucydides Trap describes the perilous dynamics when a rising power threatens an established power, often leading to conflict.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Identify two factors that contribute to a state being classified as a failed state.

<p>Lack of control over territory and the presence of rebel groups or non-state actors as de-facto rulers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of human security in the context of state stability?

<p>Human security focuses on individual rights and needs, and high levels of insecurity can lead to state failure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the principle under which a Collective Security Organisation (CSO) operates.

<p>A CSO operates on the principle of 'all for one and one for all', providing mutual aid among member states.</p> Signup and view all the answers

List one characteristic that distinguishes an authoritarian state.

<p>An authoritarian state controls and owns the media, allowing only favorable news.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does free media play in a democratic state?

<p>Free media allows for the dissemination of diverse opinions and information, which is essential for democratic elections.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Give an example of a Collective Security Organisation and its primary aim.

<p>An example is the United Nations, which aims to provide security guarantees to its member states.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What dual roles do international security organizations like NATO and the UN play?

<p>They provide humanitarian aid and security assistance while aiming to prevent wars and conflicts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What article did NATO invoke after the 9/11 attacks, and what was its significance?

<p>NATO invoked Article 5, which signifies that an attack on one member is an attack on all, leading to collective action.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What mission did NATO lead in Afghanistan from 2003 to 2014?

<p>NATO led the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) with the goal of stabilizing the Afghan government.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why was the NATO Training Mission-Iraq (NTM-I) discontinued in 2011?

<p>The NTM-I was discontinued due to disagreements over the legal status of NATO troops in Iraq.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How has the United Nations attempted to address the Israeli-Palestinian conflict?

<p>The UN has provided ongoing assistance but has not been able to resolve the conflict since it began in 1948.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What operation followed the ISAF in Afghanistan in 2015?

<p>The Resolute Support Mission (RSM) was launched to train and assist Afghan security forces.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what capacity did NATO assist Iraq after 2004?

<p>NATO established the NTM-I to train, mentor, and equip Iraqi armed forces.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What evidence supports the claim that international security organizations prevent wars?

<p>NATO's involvement in Afghanistan post-9/11 and various humanitarian efforts show their role in preventing further conflicts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines a multinational corporation (MNC)?

<p>A multinational corporation is a profit-making corporation operating in more than one country.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do MNCs potentially evade taxation?

<p>MNCs can evade taxation through transfer pricing and shifting profits to tax havens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the General Assembly in the UN?

<p>The General Assembly provides a platform for all member states to discuss global issues and make decisions on security matters.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What actions can the UN Security Council (UNSC) take to maintain global security?

<p>The UNSC can regulate armaments, impose economic sanctions, and authorize military action to address threats to peace.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the UN respond during the Covid-19 pandemic?

<p>The UN worked to vaccinate people globally and address the vaccination gap between countries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the effect of UN sanctions using an example.

<p>UN sanctions were imposed on Al Qaeda and the Taliban to promote stability and peace in Afghanistan.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are common global issues addressed by the UN General Assembly?

<p>The UNGA addresses issues such as racism, inequality, armed conflict, and climate change.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of war as per the content provided?

<p>War is a period of sustained, coordinated violence involving states, non-state actors, and/or groups within states.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What have been the primary challenges faced by Palestinians in Gaza according to recent events?

<p>Palestinians in Gaza are facing severe shortages of food, water, shelter, and medical aid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How has the United Nations attempted to assist the Palestinian population?

<p>The UN has provided humanitarian aid to Palestinians, particularly in Gaza.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does the United States play in the context of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict?

<p>The United States has vetoed multiple UN resolutions aimed at helping Palestinians.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What conclusion can be drawn regarding the effectiveness of intergovernmental organizations in conflict resolution?

<p>Intergovernmental organizations can be limited in effectiveness, especially when a strong party is involved.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what ways have international security organizations like NATO and the UN been effective in recent conflicts?

<p>NATO has been effective in combating terrorism through interventions, while the UN has provided humanitarian aid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What criticism is raised about the approach of international organizations towards conflict resolution?

<p>Criticism is raised that they often address the aftermath of conflicts rather than tackling root causes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the current status of humanitarian aid reaching Gaza, and what has caused this situation?

<p>Humanitarian aid is currently unable to reach Gaza due to ongoing conflicts and blockades.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What implications do recent events in Gaza highlight about international intervention in conflicts?

<p>Recent events highlight that international intervention can be ineffective when political power dynamics are involved.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What impact does fracking have on energy supplies for states with previously inaccessible deposits?

<p>Fracking can strengthen the security of energy supplies for these states.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some concerns citizens have regarding the fracking process?

<p>Citizens are concerned about potential earth tremors caused by fracking.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How have recent events in Ukraine influenced European energy security?

<p>The conflict in Ukraine has disrupted exports of Russian gas to Europe.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What has been the trend in natural gas prices in Europe recently?

<p>Natural gas prices are currently ten times higher than the average over the last decade.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way is China's energy policy considered contradictory?

<p>China invests heavily in both renewable energy and coal power generation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What measures might states take to ensure their energy security?

<p>States may pursue diversity of energy supply and invest in infrastructure projects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does reliance on oil imports affect China's energy security?

<p>China's energy security is vulnerable to potential oil being 'weaponised' during conflicts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant factor impacts industrial output in Europe regarding energy supply?

<p>Spiking natural gas prices limit industrial output.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is the Security Dilemma?

The idea that a state's efforts to increase its security by building up its military can actually make its neighbors less secure, leading to an arms race and potentially war.

What is the Thucydides Trap?

A situation where a rising power threatens the position of an established power, often leading to increased competition, distrust, and potential conflict.

What is Human Security?

A concept that focuses on the security of individuals and communities within states. It assesses their levels of protection from threats to their well-being.

What is a Failed State?

A state where the government lacks effective control over its territory and the ability to provide basic functions, often characterized by violence, poverty, and instability.

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What is the meaning of Anarchy in International Relations?

The absence of a world government, meaning that states operate independently and are responsible for their own security and affairs.

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What is one characteristic of an Authoritarian State?

A state where the government controls and owns the media, only allowing information that is favorable to itself.

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What is the primary purpose of a Collective Security Organisation (CSO)?

The main purpose of a Collective Security Organization (CSO) is to provide security guarantees to its member states, often through collective defense agreements. This means that if one member state is attacked, other members are obligated to help defend it.

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What are two key features of a democratic state?

A democratic state typically features free and fair elections where multiple political parties can compete, as well as a free media that can report on the government without censorship. These features allow for the free expression of different viewpoints and promote accountability of the government to the people.

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Multinational Corporations (MNCs)

Profit-making companies that operate in multiple countries.

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MNC Leverage

The ability of MNCs to influence governments by choosing where to invest or operate.

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Transfer Pricing

A strategy used by MNCs to shift profits to countries with lower tax rates.

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UN General Assembly (UNGA)

The United Nations' main body responsible for discussing global issues.

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UN Security Council (UNSC)

A body within the UN that takes action to maintain security.

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UN Sanctions

Actions taken by the UNSC to pressure countries into compliance or prevent conflict.

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War

A prolonged period of violence involving states, groups within states, or non-state actors.

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Decision Over Investment

The decision to invest or close a factory, giving MNCs power over governments.

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What is Energy Security?

Ensuring a consistent energy supply at a reasonable price, fulfilling national energy needs.

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What is a potential negative impact of fracking?

Fracking, a technique to extract gas and oil from shale rock, can cause tremors.

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What is China's main focus in its energy policies?

China's energy policy aims for energy security.

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What's causing a recent threat to Europe's energy security?

The increasing price of natural gas has negatively impacted Europe's energy security.

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What is a point of contention in China's energy policy?

China invests in renewable energy sources, but also continues to invest in coal, which can be seen as a contradiction.

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What is the main reason for the gas crisis in Europe?

Russia has limited gas exports to Europe.

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What makes China's energy security vulnerable?

China's energy security is vulnerable due to its reliance on oil imports, especially from the Middle East.

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How does China mitigate the risks to its energy security?

China diversifies its energy supply by investing in oil-backed loans and infrastructure projects.

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Disinformation

The deliberate spread of false or misleading information, often with the intention to manipulate public opinion or harm individuals or institutions.

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Censorship

A system where an authority restricts the expression of ideas and prevents access to certain information, often due to perceived harmful or subversive content.

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Media Pluralism

The presence of diverse voices, opinions, and media outlets in society, promoting a balanced information environment.

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Fake News

False news stories designed to spread quickly and generate revenue, often with the goal of manipulating public opinion or harming individuals.

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What is NATO?

NATO is a collective defense organization that aims to protect its members from external threats, including terrorism.

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What is NATO's Article 5?

NATO's Article 5 states that an attack on one member is an attack on all, leading to a coordinated response.

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How did NATO respond to the 9/11 attacks?

After the 9/11 attacks, NATO invoked Article 5, leading to the US-led invasion of Afghanistan with NATO allies participating in overthrowing the Taliban.

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What was NATO's role in Afghanistan?

NATO led the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) in Afghanistan from 2003 to 2014 to support the Afghan government and fight terrorism.

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What is the UN?

The United Nations (UN) is a global organization that aims to maintain international peace and security, promote human rights and development, and provide humanitarian aid.

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What is the UN's role in conflicts like the Palestinian-Israeli one?

The UN, though involved in peacekeeping and humanitarian aid, has struggled to effectively address ongoing conflicts like the Palestinian-Israeli conflict.

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What is the Palestinian-Israeli conflict?

The Palestinian-Israeli conflict is a complex and long-standing conflict that involves disputes over territory, political rights, and religious sites.

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Can international organizations prevent wars?

International organizations such as NATO and the UN can play a significant role in deterring conflict, providing humanitarian aid, and stabilizing nations. However, their ability to prevent wars entirely is limited. Other factors such as internal political dynamics and external pressures also contribute to the outbreak of wars.

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Study Notes

Global Studies Week 1 Key Concepts

  • Global Security encompasses efforts by states to maintain international stability and avoid war
  • Global Justice emphasizes the well-being of individuals, addressing threats like pandemics, poverty, and human rights abuses
  • Humanitarian crises involve widespread suffering and require international response
  • Inequality and underdevelopment highlight disparities in wealth and opportunity across the globe
  • Climate change affects all regions and demands global solutions
  • Democracy faces challenges to its ideals and progress
  • Migration and refugee crises involve large-scale displacement and require international cooperation
  • Global social movements represent collective action for change and advocacy
  • Emerging economies represent dynamic shifts in global power balances and influence

Global Security Actors

  • States (e.g., UK)
  • Intergovernmental organizations (IGOs)
  • International non-governmental organizations (NGOs)
  • UN specialized agencies and programs
  • Multinational corporations (MNCs)
  • Prominent individuals
  • Criminal enterprises and terrorist organizations (e.g., ISIS)

Human Security

  • Refers to the well-being of individuals, encompassing various threats like pandemics, poverty, discrimination, and human rights abuses.

Global Governance

  • Refers to the processes by which states and international organizations attempt to achieve order and security in global politics.
  • A state is a territory with a population and government whose existence and independence are recognized under international law.

Other Concepts

  • Non-state actors are institutions external to the state structure, influencing policy
  • International organizations facilitate inter-state cooperation
  • Polycrisis refers to interconnected environmental, geopolitical, and economic crises threatening global systems and institutions
  • The Security Dilemma describes how a state's efforts to enhance its own security can be perceived as a threat by other states, fueling an arms race and tension.

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Description

Explore the essential concepts of Global Studies in this quiz. Topics include global security, justice, humanitarian crises, and climate change. Test your understanding of the roles of various actors and the dynamics of global issues.

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