16 Questions
What is the historical trend of cities embracing international opportunities?
They participate in collective movements or networks to embrace international opportunities
When did the world's first great market-driven cities emerge?
More than 4,000 years ago in the early bronze age
Where were the cities of Mohenjo-daro and Harappa located?
Modern-day Pakistan along the Indus River valley
What characterized the trade routes connected to Mohenjo-daro and Harappa?
They were based on a common cultural and linguistic community
What was a hallmark of the cities of Mohenjo-daro and Harappa?
External orientation and deep-rooted cultures
What accompanied the process of urbanization in southern Iraq during the early bronze age?
Trade on a new scale
What were some of the prized assets and luxury possessions that drove interconnection and collaboration during the early waves of urbanization?
Horses, silk, bamboo, rice, and wine
According to historian Peter Frankopan, what did the growing sophistication of the trade network do?
Effectively shrunk the world
Which city was the first in Europe to develop networks similar to those of a modern global city?
Rome
What did Rome provide for the federation of cities within its empire?
Administration, stability, monetary regime, and tax structure
What was among the lasting features of the wave of globalisation of trading cities during the Roman era?
Much larger and more diverse trading of goods across continents
Which city experienced many cycles of global exchange over the last two millennia due to its strategic location as a bridge between Europe and Asia?
Istanbul
What did Emperor Constantine do to the city formerly named Byzantium in the fourth century AD?
Transformed it and renamed it Constantinople
What did Rome's urban network help spread other than goods?
Religion
Which item became an international currency during the early waves of urbanization?
Silk
What did Polybius remark about history from the mid-Roman era onwards?
History becomes an organic whole
Explore the historical patterns of how cities have embraced international opportunities in waves and cycles, and how they have collectively participated in global movements and networks. Learn about the evolution and demise of market-driven cities over 4,000 years ago.
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