Mexico City History: From Aztecs to Modern Era

History of Mexico City

Mexico City, also known as the "City of Palaces," is the capital and most populous city of Mexico. It was founded on September 13, 1325, by the Aztecs, who called it Tenochtitlán. The city was later conquered by the Spanish in 1521, and it became the capital of the Viceroyalty of New Spain, which included present-day Mexico, Central America, and parts of the United States.

Pre-Hispanic Period

The origins of Mexico City date back to the pre-Hispanic period, with the Aztec civilization forming the city around 1325. Tenochtitlán was built on an island in Lake Texcoco, which provided a natural defense against invaders. The city became a significant commercial and cultural center, with a population of over 200,000 people by the time of the Spanish conquest. The Aztecs were known for their advanced architecture, with structures such as the Templo Mayor and the Great Pyramid of Tenochtitlán showcasing their architectural prowess.

Spanish Conquest and Colonial Period

In 1521, after a long and grueling siege, the city was conquered by the Spanish, led by Hernán Cortés. The Spanish renamed the city Mexico City and established it as the capital of the Viceroyalty of New Spain. The Spanish brought their own architecture and culture, which influenced the city's development.

During the colonial period, Mexico City became a major center of education, with the establishment of universities such as the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM) and the Universidad de México. The city's population grew, and it became a major economic and cultural center in the Spanish Empire.

Independence and Modern Period

In 1810, Mexico City was the epicenter of the Mexican War of Independence, which lasted until 1821. The city was captured and recaptured several times during the war, and it was not until the Treaty of Cordoba in 1821 that Mexico gained its independence from Spain. After independence, Mexico City continued to grow and develop, becoming a major metropolis and cultural center in the modern era.

Recent History

In recent history, Mexico City has faced several challenges, including natural disasters such as earthquakes and political turmoil. However, the city has continued to grow and evolve, becoming a vibrant and cosmopolitan city with a rich history and culture.

Today, Mexico City is a bustling metropolis with a population of over 21 million people. It is a major center of business, culture, and education, with numerous museums, galleries, and historical sites that draw millions of tourists each year.