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Questions and Answers
During which era did global inequality experience a decrease due to the rise of Asian incomes, notably China?
What is one of the key findings regarding the income gap between the 'core' and the poor 'periphery'?
Which country's rise in income has contributed significantly to the decrease in global inequality in the past 30 years?
What major historical event does the text mention in relation to income positions between the West and China?
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Which era had very high global and between-country inequality according to the text?
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What does the twin-peaked global income distribution described by Danny Quah in the 1990s consist of?
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During which century did the between-country component of global inequality start to decline according to the text?
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In the context of international development, what do the three eras mentioned in the text represent?
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What is the main driving force behind the changes in global inequality according to the text?
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Which of the following is a key reason why PPP dollars are considered the best metric for assessing differences in living standards?
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Study Notes
Global Inequality Eras
- Global inequality has followed three eras: 1820-1950, 1950-last decade of 20th century, and the current era of decreasing inequality since the last decade of 20th century.
- The first era saw rising income differences between and within countries; the second era had very high global and between-country inequality.
Current Era of Decreasing Inequality
- The current era has seen the emergence of the global "median" class and the greatest reshuffling in income positions between the West and China since the Industrial Revolution.
- Absolute income differences have increased in the past 30 years, and the income gap between the "core" and the poor "periphery" (excluding China) remains large.
Global Inequality Measures
- The between-country inequality component is the main driving force behind changes in global inequality, and thus its decline.
- The use of PPP dollars is the best way to assess differences in living standards, but there are significant problems of index numbers that remain.
Global Inequality Trends
- The between-country inequality component was rising throughout the 19th century, plateauing over the second half of the 20th century, and beginning its decline at the close of the 20th century, continuing to 2018-20.
- The preponderant role of between-country inequality in explaining the decrease of global inequality in the past seventy years can be seen from a comparison of global inequality calculated using household surveys and the between-inequality component where mean incomes from household surveys are replaced by GDPs per capita.
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Description
Test your understanding of global inequality convergence and population-weighted within-national inequalities with this quiz. Questions cover topics such as Gini index, trends in global inequality, and the impact of population-weighted inequalities between countries.
