Global Inequality Convergence Quiz
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Questions and Answers

During which era did global inequality experience a decrease due to the rise of Asian incomes, notably China?

  • The second era, from 1950 to the last decade of the 20th century
  • The era between 1820 and 1980
  • The first era, from 1820 until 1950
  • The current era, focusing on the past thirty years (correct)
  • What is one of the key findings regarding the income gap between the 'core' and the poor 'periphery'?

  • The income gap has been steadily decreasing over the past 30 years.
  • The core and periphery have equal median incomes.
  • If China is excluded, the ratio of median income between core and periphery in 2018 exceeds 8 to 1. (correct)
  • There has been a significant decrease in the income gap since 2013.
  • Which country's rise in income has contributed significantly to the decrease in global inequality in the past 30 years?

  • China (correct)
  • Western countries
  • India
  • Africa
  • What major historical event does the text mention in relation to income positions between the West and China?

    <p>The Industrial Revolution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which era had very high global and between-country inequality according to the text?

    <p>The second era, from 1950 to the last decade of the 20th century</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the twin-peaked global income distribution described by Danny Quah in the 1990s consist of?

    <p>A high peak of very poor individuals from poor Asian countries and a low peak of wealthy individuals from developed Western economies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which century did the between-country component of global inequality start to decline according to the text?

    <p>Twentieth century</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of international development, what do the three eras mentioned in the text represent?

    <p>Three distinct periods of income convergence and divergence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main driving force behind the changes in global inequality according to the text?

    <p>Between-country inequality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key reason why PPP dollars are considered the best metric for assessing differences in living standards?

    <p>They allow for comparisons across countries and over time without being influenced by exchange rate fluctuations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Global Inequality Eras

    • Global inequality has followed three eras: 1820-1950, 1950-last decade of 20th century, and the current era of decreasing inequality since the last decade of 20th century.
    • The first era saw rising income differences between and within countries; the second era had very high global and between-country inequality.

    Current Era of Decreasing Inequality

    • The current era has seen the emergence of the global "median" class and the greatest reshuffling in income positions between the West and China since the Industrial Revolution.
    • Absolute income differences have increased in the past 30 years, and the income gap between the "core" and the poor "periphery" (excluding China) remains large.

    Global Inequality Measures

    • The between-country inequality component is the main driving force behind changes in global inequality, and thus its decline.
    • The use of PPP dollars is the best way to assess differences in living standards, but there are significant problems of index numbers that remain.
    • The between-country inequality component was rising throughout the 19th century, plateauing over the second half of the 20th century, and beginning its decline at the close of the 20th century, continuing to 2018-20.
    • The preponderant role of between-country inequality in explaining the decrease of global inequality in the past seventy years can be seen from a comparison of global inequality calculated using household surveys and the between-inequality component where mean incomes from household surveys are replaced by GDPs per capita.

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    Description

    Test your understanding of global inequality convergence and population-weighted within-national inequalities with this quiz. Questions cover topics such as Gini index, trends in global inequality, and the impact of population-weighted inequalities between countries.

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