Global Inequalities Overview Quiz

Global Inequalities: A Comprehensive Overview

• Demography is the study of human populations, examining factors like sex, age, income, and education.
• Competition occurs when multiple parties seek the same resources, often leading to conflict.
• Fair trade emphasizes sustainability and fair wages for producers.
• Infant mortality is the number of children who die between ages 0 and 1 per 1000 live births.
• Fertility rate measures the average number of births per woman in a specific area.
• Life expectancy is the average lifespan.
• Birth rate is the number of live births per 1000 people per year.
• Death rate is the number of deaths per 1000 people per year.
• Doubling time is the time it takes for a population to double.

Developed vs. Developing Countries

• Developed countries often have established economies, political stability, advanced infrastructure, and higher per capita incomes. Examples include Canada, the United States, and France.
• Developing countries are working towards industrialization and infrastructure development, often with lower per capita incomes than developed countries. Examples include Bangladesh, Rwanda, and Chad.
• Per capita income represents the average amount of money earned per person within a country.
• Quality of life is measured using factors like education, environment, health, and living standards.

Access to Resources and Quality of Life

• Access to medical care assesses the ability of a population to access healthcare services.
• Access to clean water is critical for human health and well-being.
• Access to education is vital for personal and societal development, regardless of economic background, gender, ethnicity, or disability.
• Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita is the GDP of a country divided by its population, measuring average economic output.
• Unemployment rates represent the percentage of the workforce without jobs.
• National debt is the total amount of money owed by a country.

Technology and Quality of Life

• Technology, specifically the washing machine, has significantly improved quality of life by saving time, energy, and improving hygiene.
• Reduced physical strain, increased productivity, and more time for other activities are benefits of having a wash machine.

Quality of Life and Case Study of Nations

• Quality of life, encompassing both objective factors (access to healthcare, education) and subjective factors (satisfaction with life), is assessed in various societies.
• Economic stability, health, education, environment, social factors, and political rights are key factors affecting quality of life in countries.
• Case studies compare Norway's high quality of life, highlighting universal healthcare, education, strong economy, and social support, with challenges in countries like India, such as inconsistencies in healthcare access, education disparities, environmental concerns, and limited social safety nets.

Quality of Life Interrelationships and Water and Education

• Quality of life is influenced by multiple factors, including but not limited to clean water, education, and infrastructure.
• Access to clean water and education are especially interconnected; access to clean water leads to improved health, therefore attending school regularly. Consequently, access to education influences decisions and knowledge concerning water use and conservation.
• Clean water is crucial for better health leading to fewer days missed from school and improved academic performance.

Economic Systems

• An economic system is the method a society uses to organize the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services.
• Four types of economic systems include:
  • Traditional: Based on customs, traditions, and beliefs, with limited technological advancement and often relying on barter.
  • Market: Based on supply and demand, with minimal government involvement and private ownership.
  • Command: Government controls most resources and production, with centrally planned economic decisions and limited individual choices.
  • Mixed: Combines market and command elements, involving both private and public sectors.

Economic Sectors

• Primary: Extraction of raw materials, including agriculture, mining, forestry; crucial for early-stage development.
• Secondary: Transformation of raw materials into finished goods, such as manufacturing and construction. Crucial in industrializing countries.
• Tertiary: Provision of services rather than goods, including retail, transportation, healthcare, and education. Often the largest sector in developed countries, providing for growth.
• Quaternary: Knowledge-based activities such as research and development, education, and consulting, supporting technological advancements.
• Quinary: Highest-level decision-making services, including government, high-level executives, and high-level research.

Economic Development Factors

• Key factors contributing to economic development are plentiful natural resources, quality education and strong skills among the population, reliable infrastructure of roads, communications, and transport systems, technological innovation and advancements, political stability and effective governance, capital and investment, international trade and globalization, cultural factors, and social factors such as good health and welfare systems.