Global History Regents Review Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What was the Neolithic Revolution?

An era of exploration

The beginning of feudalism

A time of metal discovery

The first agricultural revolution (correct)

Where did River Valley civilizations typically settle?

Near rivers

What was the primary cause of the Irish Famine?

War

Food shortage (correct)

Disease outbreak

Natural disaster

What was the Bantu Migration?

The movement of Bantu peoples southward throughout Africa. Signup and view all the answers

What does Cultural Diffusion refer to?

The spread of ideas, customs, and technologies from one people to another. Signup and view all the answers

What were gold and salt primarily traded for in Africa?

Gold and salt Signup and view all the answers

What was the Columbian Exchange?

The exchange of plants, animals, diseases, and technologies between the Americas and the rest of the world. Signup and view all the answers

What did the Green Revolution involve?

The introduction of pesticides and high-yield grains. Signup and view all the answers

What is the belief system of Judaism?

A religion with belief in one God. Signup and view all the answers

What is the central belief of Christianity?

A monotheistic system based on the teachings of Jesus. Signup and view all the answers

What defines Islam?

A monotheistic religion founded in the 7th century based on Muhammad's teachings. Signup and view all the answers

The Five Pillars of Islam encompass basic rules including profession of faith, praying five times a day, giving alms, and fasting during __________.

Ramadan Signup and view all the answers

What does Hinduism emphasize?

Belief in reincarnation and a supreme being. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Caste System?

A set of rigid social categories in India. Signup and view all the answers

What are the Four Noble Truths in Buddhism?

They outline the nature of suffering and the path to its cessation. Signup and view all the answers

Who were the Crusaders?

Christians of Europe who fought for control of the Holy Land. Signup and view all the answers

Who invented the printing press?

Johann Gutenberg Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the Protestant Reformation?

It resulted in the formation of several new Christian denominations. Signup and view all the answers

Who was Martin Luther?

A German monk known for criticizing the Catholic Church. Signup and view all the answers

What period is known as the Scientific Revolution?

An era from the 16th to 18th centuries focused on research and the scientific method. Signup and view all the answers

What was the Holocaust?

A methodical plan to ensure German supremacy. Signup and view all the answers

When did the Roman Empire exist?

From 27 BCE to about 400 CE. Signup and view all the answers

What does Pax Romana refer to?

A period of peace and prosperity in the Roman Empire. Signup and view all the answers

What characterized the Golden Age of China?

Flourishing arts and culture during the Tang Dynasty. Signup and view all the answers

What was the Byzantine Empire?

The eastern portion of the Roman Empire after the fall of Rome. Signup and view all the answers

What was the Golden Age of Islam?

A period of cultural and intellectual flourishing during the Abbasid Dynasty. Signup and view all the answers

What does the Gupta Empire refer to?

A powerful Indian state known for its cultural advancements. Signup and view all the answers

What were the Incas?

An ancient civilization located in the Andes in Peru. Signup and view all the answers

What defines feudal Japan?

The period dominated by regional families and military warlords. Signup and view all the answers

What was the Renaissance?

A period of rebirth in art, literature, and learning. Signup and view all the answers

What is feudalism?

A political and social system of protection and land exchange for service. Signup and view all the answers

What was the Commercial Revolution?

The expansion of trade and business in Europe. Signup and view all the answers

What is laissez-faire capitalism?

Capitalism without government interference. Signup and view all the answers

What did the Industrial Revolution signify?

The shift from agricultural to industrial society. Signup and view all the answers

What is mercantilism?

An economic system to increase national wealth through regulation. Signup and view all the answers

What does colonialism involve?

Establishing settlements and imposing principles in another territory. Signup and view all the answers

What defines absolutism?

A form of government led by an absolute dictator. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Magna Carta?

A document that established the principle that everyone is subject to the law. Signup and view all the answers

What was the Enlightenment?

A movement advocating reason and reappraisal of ideas and institutions. Signup and view all the answers

Who is John Locke?

An English philosopher known for the social contract theory. Signup and view all the answers

What triggered the French Revolution?

The overthrow of the absolute monarchy and aristocratic privileges. Signup and view all the answers

Who was Toussaint L'Overture?

Leader of the Haitian slave rebellion. Signup and view all the answers

Who was Simon Bolivar?

A Venezuelan statesman who led South American colonies against Spanish rule. Signup and view all the answers

What was Jose de San Martin known for?

Leading independence movements in South America. Signup and view all the answers

What does nationalism refer to?

The doctrine that one's national culture and interests are superior. Signup and view all the answers

What was the Ottoman Empire?

An Islamic state founded by Osman. Signup and view all the answers

Who was Fidel Castro?

Cuban socialist leader who established a Marxist state. Signup and view all the answers

What is fascism?

A political system led by a dictator emphasizing extreme nationalism. Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of imperialism?

A policy where a strong nation dominates others politically, socially, and economically. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Neolithic Revolution

Marked the beginning of settled agriculture around 12,000 years ago.
Enabled the establishment of civilizations through farming.

River Valley Civilization

Emerged during the Neolithic Revolution near rivers.
Provided essential water sources for agricultural crops.

Irish Famine

Occurred from 1845 to 1852 due to a food shortage caused by a potato blight.
Resulted in over one million deaths and mass emigration from Ireland.

Bantu Migration

Took place from around 500 B.C. to A.D. 1000.
Bantu peoples migrated south in Africa, spreading their languages and cultural practices.

Cultural Diffusion

Refers to the spread of ideas, customs, and technologies between different peoples.

Gold/Salt Trade

Significant trade system in Africa focused on gold and salt.
Europeans sought gold while Africans required salt, driving economic exchanges.

Columbian Exchange

Exchange of plants, animals, diseases, and technologies initiated by Columbus's voyages.
Led to significant ecological and cultural changes across the globe.

Green Revolution

Occurred in the 1960s and 1970s, introducing high-yield crops and pesticides.
Resulted in a dramatic increase in agricultural productivity.

Judaism

Monotheistic religion originating with Abraham and the Hebrew people.
Yahweh is considered the creator, and early history is preserved in the Old Testament.

Christianity

Based on the teachings of Jesus and the Old Testament.
Focuses on Jesus as savior in a monotheistic belief structure.

Islam

Founded in the 7th century in Arabia, based on Muhammad's teachings in the Koran.
Monotheistic religion with a significant following of Muslims.

Five Pillars of Islam

Core practices include profession of faith, daily prayer, almsgiving, fasting during Ramadan, and pilgrimage to Mecca.

Hinduism

Religious and philosophical tradition native to India, with beliefs in reincarnation and a supreme being represented in various forms.
Emphasizes the coexistence of opposing truths in one eternal reality.

Caste System

Rigid social hierarchy in India determining occupation and social status.
Influenced individual life experiences and societal roles.

Buddhism

Founded on the teachings of Buddha, emphasizing the nature of suffering and the cessation of desire.
Enlightenment achieved through ethical conduct and meditation.

Four Noble Truths

Fundamental Buddhist principles outlining the nature of suffering and the path to its cessation through the Eightfold Path.

Crusaders

European Christians who fought to reclaim the Holy Land from Muslim control during the 11th to 13th centuries.

Printing Press

Invented by Johann Gutenberg in 1454; its first product was the Gutenberg Bible.
Revolutionized communication, literacy, and political discourse in Europe.

Protestant Reformation

Began in 1519 as a movement to reform the Latin Christian Church.
Led to the establishment of various Protestant denominations.

Martin Luther

German monk and critic of the Catholic Church; wrote the 95 theses in 1517.
Sparked debates on church practices and initiated the Reformation.

Scientific Revolution

Period between the 16th and 18th centuries characterized by a shift to empirical research and the scientific method.

Holocaust

Systematic genocide led by Hitler aimed at eliminating Jews and other marginalized groups during World War II.

Roman Empire

Flourished from 27 BCE to around 400 CE, controlling the Mediterranean and much of Europe.
Initially ruled by emperors and instrumental in the spread of Christianity.

Pax Romana

A 200-year period of peace and prosperity in the Roman Empire, lasting from 27 B.C. to A.D. 180.

Golden Age of China

Tang Dynasty (618-907 CE) marked by advancements in arts, culture, and technology like printing.
Facilitated cultural exchange via trade routes like the Silk Road.

Byzantine Empire

Eastern segment of the Roman Empire, known for its capital Constantinople.
Fell to the Ottomans in 1453.

Golden Age of Islam

Flourishing of arts and sciences during the Abbasid Dynasty centered in Baghdad.
Significant contributions to astronomy, medicine, and philosophy.

Gupta Empire

Powerful Indian dynasty known for cultural sophistication and territorial control in the Ganges Valley.

Incas

Ancient civilization in Peru from 1200-1500 AD known for its extensive empire in the Andes.

Feudal Japan

Period dominated by regional families (daimyo) and military leaders (shogun) from the 12th to 19th centuries.
The emperor served as a ceremonial figurehead.

Renaissance

A cultural rebirth spanning the 14th to 16th centuries, enhancing art, literature, and learning in Europe.

Feudalism

Social and political structure in the Middle Ages characterized by land distribution and mutual protection agreements.

Commercial Revolution

Expansion of trade and commerce in Europe during the 16th and 17th centuries, leading to economic transformation.

Laissez-faire Capitalism

Economic system advocating minimal government interference in markets and businesses.

Industrial Revolution

Transition from agrarian to industrial societies, marked by factory production beginning around 1750 in England.

Mercantilism

Economic theory focused on increasing a nation's wealth through strict government regulation of trade.

Colonialism

Policy of establishing settlements and imposing a nation’s cultural principles on another territory.

Absolutism

System of government where a ruler holds absolute power without constitutional limitations.

Magna Carta

Signed in 1215, this document limited the power of the English king and established the principle of legal accountability.

Enlightenment

18th-century movement promoting reason and critical thinking about society and governance.

John Locke

Philosopher advocating for a social contract and the natural rights of life, liberty, and property.

French Revolution

Began in 1789, it overthrew the monarchy and aristocratic privileges, leading to the rise of Napoleon.

Toussaint L'Overture

Led the Haitian slave rebellion in 1803, impacting French colonial policy and ownership in the Americas.

Simon Bolivar

Key figure in South American independence movements against Spanish rule in the early 1800s.

Jose de San Martin

Leader of revolutionary movements resulting in independence for several South American countries.

Nationalism

Ideology asserting the superiority of one's national culture and interests over others.

Ottoman Empire

Islamic state founded around 1300, lasted until 1922, controlling vast territories across Europe, Asia, and Africa.

Fidel Castro

Overthrew Cuba's dictator in 1959 to establish a Marxist socialist government.

Fascism

Authoritarian political system emphasizing nationalism, racism, and a lack of tolerance for opposition.

Imperialism

Policy aimed at extending a nation's influence and control over other countries politically, socially, and economically.

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Prepare for the Global History Regents exam with these flashcards covering key terms and concepts. Test your knowledge on significant events like the Neolithic Revolution and the Irish Famine. Great for quick revision and understanding historical contexts.