Global Health Toolkit 1: Goals and Concepts

Studying, researching, and practicing to improve health and achieve health equity worldwide.

Equity focuses on eliminating health disparities; equality treats everyone the same.

The total impact of diseases and injuries on a population.

Areas with higher health needs often have less access to good healthcare.

Global health evolved through stages: Tropical Medicine, International Health, Globalization and transition.

The World Health Organization divides the world into regions for health programs.

Prioritizes improving health and equity for all people worldwide; focusing on those at high risk or in specific areas.

A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not just the absence of disease.

A country with a gross national income (GNI) per capita of US$1,135 or less.

The total number of cases of a disease in a population at a specific time, usually expressed per 100,000 people.

The number of new cases of a disease in a population over a specific period, usually expressed per 100,000 people.

A measure of the burden of disease that combines years lived with disability and years of life lost due to premature death.

The G8 (group of eight leading industrialized nations) became the G7 when Russia was expelled following its invasion of Ukraine.

A way to classify countries, considering not only income per capita, but also education and fertility rates.

Millennium Development Goals (8 goals to improve global living conditions, aiming to reduce poverty and improve health).

Sustainable Development Goals (17 goals for the present and future. Goal 3 is specific to good health).

A measure of the years lost due to illness or disability. Calculated by multiplying disease incidence, duration, and disability weight.

A value (0-1) reflecting the impact of a disease or illness on a person's life. A higher number means a more severe impact.

A risk factor that has a direct and immediate impact on health. Example: Smoking.

A risk factor that indirectly affects health. Example: Poverty.

A model of health seeing health influenced by biological (genetics, age), psychological (stress), and social factors (education, income).

Factors in society (e.g. income, education, environment) that influence people's health.

A measure of a region's development, considering factors like income and education.

A change from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates, affecting population growth.

A movement of people from rural areas to urban areas, leading to growing cities.

A transition in diets from mainly cereals, fiber, and vegetables to more animal products, fats, and sugars.

A change in the pattern of diseases from infectious diseases to chronic diseases, like heart disease and diabetes.

A strong correlation between health and wealth, with those having higher incomes generally having better health.

A person's social position, such as socioeconomic status, significantly influences their health outcomes.

A network of actors working independently, together, and across sectors to improve global health outcomes.

Different approaches to address health problems: Vertical focuses on specific diseases, Horizontal strengthens systems, and Diagonal combines both.

A large-scale humanitarian crisis often triggered by natural disasters, conflict, or a combination of both, causing widespread disruption, displacement, and social, economic, and political instability.

A person forced to flee their country due to war, persecution, or natural disaster, seeking protection in another nation.

Someone forced to leave their home but remains within their own country's borders due to conflict, disaster, or other reasons.

An individual who lacks a nationality and is denied access to basic rights like education, healthcare, and freedom of movement.

A person who has applied for protection in a different country but is awaiting the outcome of their request for refugee status.

Strategies to reduce the impact of disasters by implementing preventive measures, strengthening emergency response systems, and educating communities.

An acronym for Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene, crucial for disease prevention and public health, especially during emergencies.

Actions taken after a disaster to provide immediate relief, address basic needs, and promote recovery.

Decisions, plans, and actions undertaken to achieve specific healthcare goals within a society.

Six key components that make up a functional health system: Leadership & Governance, Health Workforce, Medical Products & Technologies, Financing, Information Systems, and Service Delivery.

The various sources of funding for healthcare, including private out-of-pocket spending, general government financing, employment taxes, and official development assistance (ODA).

Official Development Assistance (ODA) contributes a small percentage (3%) of the total health spending in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).

A community-driven approach to improve sanitation and hygiene practices by focusing on behavioral change and community participation.

Key elements contributing to CLTS success: addressing behavioral change, ensuring equity, and involving the community in decision-making.

Key areas of focus during disaster response: WASH (water, sanitation, hygiene), food and shelter, safety, psychological support, essential health services, and infection control.

Actions taken to minimize the impact of disasters: regulations, community education, first responder training, strong medical systems, and pre-positioning of supplies.