Global Health Goals Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the target year to halve the proportion of people whose income is less than one dollar a day?

  • 2020
  • 2010
  • 2015 (correct)
  • 2005
  • Which of the following targets is related to improving maternal health?

  • Reduce under-five mortality rate by two thirds
  • Eliminate gender disparity in education
  • Reduce the maternal mortality ratio by 75% (correct)
  • Halt the spread of HIV/AIDS
  • What is the goal related to combating HIV/AIDS and malaria?

  • Halt and reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS (correct)
  • Increase healthcare spending in high-income countries
  • Eliminate gender disparity in healthcare
  • Achieve universal primary healthcare
  • What is the objective aimed at child mortality by 2015?

    <p>Reduce under-five mortality rate by two thirds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What proportion of healthcare expenditures in high-income countries contrasts sharply with those in the least developed countries?

    <p>More than $1800 per person</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which goal emphasizes achieving universal primary education?

    <p>Eliminate gender disparity in education</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the key steps to ensure environmental sustainability?

    <p>Develop new technologies to address health needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a target related to health improvement?

    <p>Halve the proportion of people without access to adequate housing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main goal of bioengineering as it relates to global health?

    <p>To harness science to solve health problems under constraints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is expected to overtake infectious diseases and malnutrition as leading causes of death in developing countries?

    <p>Noncommunicable diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What fraction of the global burden of disease is currently linked to lifestyle and behavior choices?

    <p>20-25%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    By 2020, which health risk is expected to kill more people than any single disease, including HIV/AIDS?

    <p>Tobacco use</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following countries had the highest average health care expenditure per capita in 2001 among those listed?

    <p>China</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT one of the UN Millennium Development Goals?

    <p>Increase healthcare expenditures in developing countries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What challenge is highlighted in relation to healthcare needs in the text?

    <p>The variation in economic constraints across different regions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the target demographics for new healthcare technologies discussed?

    <p>Children living with HIV/AIDS in developing countries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What emotion does the speaker primarily feel about their upcoming trip to Lesotho?

    <p>Excitement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the speaker feel about the way they prepared for their trip?

    <p>They feel guilty for using the Internet.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the speaker's last entry in their journal about before preparing for the trip?

    <p>Their work in Washington, D.C.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the speaker mention about their relatives' attitudes toward their trip?

    <p>They are overprotective and concerned.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What prior experience is mentioned that relates to the speaker's interest in Africa?

    <p>Working on health policy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the speaker intend to do during their stay in Johannesburg?

    <p>Spend time with a family friend.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What perception does the speaker have about travel today compared to the past?

    <p>Images online spoil the experience of discovery.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When does the speaker plan to meet Sophie?

    <p>On the 12th of the month.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of treating early-stage breast cancer?

    <p>To remove cancer cells through surgery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of using high doses of chemotherapy in metastatic breast cancer treatment?

    <p>Complete destruction of bone marrow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of blood is responsible for fighting infections?

    <p>White blood cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of chemotherapy drugs in cancer treatment?

    <p>To impede the division of cancer cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is typically removed during a mastectomy procedure?

    <p>The entire breast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does plasma function within the blood?

    <p>Carries nutrients and hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of stem cells are responsible for the continual renewal of blood cells?

    <p>Pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might chemotherapy be used after surgery for breast cancer?

    <p>To reduce the risk of cancer recurrence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What initial symptoms did Maria Saloniki experience before being diagnosed with breast cancer?

    <p>Fever, a swollen armpit, and pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long did it take for Maria to receive a correct diagnosis of her condition?

    <p>Three years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What treatment did Maria begin after her biopsy confirmed breast cancer?

    <p>Chemotherapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What financial challenge did Maria's husband face during her treatment?

    <p>Borrowing a large sum for her care</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main finding of the randomized clinical trials regarding high-dose chemotherapy with bone marrow transplant (HDCT+BMT)?

    <p>No meaningful differences in survival rates compared to standard therapy were noted</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of five-year survival was reported for women receiving HDCT+BMT in one study by Dr. Bezwoda?

    <p>83%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factors made it challenging to recruit patients for the randomized trials?

    <p>Fear of being assigned to receive standard therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a major concern about the duration of the clinical trials mentioned?

    <p>They took longer than planned to complete</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Global Health Goals

    • In 2000, 189 countries committed to the UN Millennium Development Goals to improve the health of the world's poorest citizens.
    • The goal is to halve the proportion of people whose income is less than one dollar a day by 2015.
    • The goal is to halve the proportion of people who suffer from hunger by 2015.
    • The goal is to achieve universal primary education.
    • The goal is to eliminate gender disparity in primary and secondary education by 2015.
    • The goal is to reduce the under-five mortality rate by two-thirds by 2015.
    • The goal is to reduce the maternal mortality ratio by 75% by 2015.
    • The goal is to halt and begin to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS by 2015.
    • The goal is to halt and begin to reverse the incidence of malaria and other major diseases by 2015.
    • The goal is to halve the proportion of people without access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation.
    • The goal is to ensure environmental sustainability.
    • The goal is to develop a global partnership for development.

    Health Care Expenditure

    • Average healthcare expenditures in high-income countries are more than $1,800 per person.
    • The average healthcare expenditures in the world's least developed countries are $16 per person.
    • Even within high-income countries, the cost of new medical technologies is a major concern.
    • Bioengineering is an emerging field with the goal of harnessing science to address global health problems.
    • To be effective, new healthcare technologies must be both effective and affordable.

    Treatment for Breast Cancer 

    • There are many treatments for breast cancer, most early-stage breast cancers are treated with surgery.
    • A lumpectomy is a procedure to remove a portion of tissue.
    • A mastectomy is a procedure to remove the entire breast.
    • Many larger tumors are treated with chemotherapy.
    • Chemotherapy may be used to shrink large tumors before surgery to make them easier to remove.
    • Chemotherapy may also be used following surgery to lower the risk of recurrence. ### Chemotherapy Explained
    • Chemotherapy uses drugs that are toxic to cancer cells.
    • The drugs are given intravenously or by mouth.
    • The drugs travel throughout the bloodstream to all parts of the body.
    • Chemotherapeutic drugs interfere with the ability of cancer cells to divide.
    • The bone marrow continuously produces new blood cells throughout life.
    • High doses of chemotherapy can destroy the bone marrow, leading to a lack of healthy blood cells such as red blood cells and white blood cells.
    • The lack of blood cells can lead to infections and other complications.

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    Description

    Explore the key objectives set by the UN Millennium Development Goals aimed at improving global health and reducing poverty. This quiz covers various targets ranging from education to mortality rates and access to clean water. Test your knowledge on these critical goals and their outcomes anticipated by 2015.

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