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Questions and Answers
What is the target year to halve the proportion of people whose income is less than one dollar a day?
Which of the following targets is related to improving maternal health?
What is the goal related to combating HIV/AIDS and malaria?
What is the objective aimed at child mortality by 2015?
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What proportion of healthcare expenditures in high-income countries contrasts sharply with those in the least developed countries?
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Which goal emphasizes achieving universal primary education?
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What is one of the key steps to ensure environmental sustainability?
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Which of the following is NOT a target related to health improvement?
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What is the main goal of bioengineering as it relates to global health?
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What is expected to overtake infectious diseases and malnutrition as leading causes of death in developing countries?
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What fraction of the global burden of disease is currently linked to lifestyle and behavior choices?
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By 2020, which health risk is expected to kill more people than any single disease, including HIV/AIDS?
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Which of the following countries had the highest average health care expenditure per capita in 2001 among those listed?
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Which of the following is NOT one of the UN Millennium Development Goals?
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What challenge is highlighted in relation to healthcare needs in the text?
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Which statement best describes the target demographics for new healthcare technologies discussed?
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What emotion does the speaker primarily feel about their upcoming trip to Lesotho?
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How does the speaker feel about the way they prepared for their trip?
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What was the speaker's last entry in their journal about before preparing for the trip?
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What does the speaker mention about their relatives' attitudes toward their trip?
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What prior experience is mentioned that relates to the speaker's interest in Africa?
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What does the speaker intend to do during their stay in Johannesburg?
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What perception does the speaker have about travel today compared to the past?
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When does the speaker plan to meet Sophie?
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What is the primary goal of treating early-stage breast cancer?
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What is a potential consequence of using high doses of chemotherapy in metastatic breast cancer treatment?
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Which component of blood is responsible for fighting infections?
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What is the role of chemotherapy drugs in cancer treatment?
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What is typically removed during a mastectomy procedure?
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How does plasma function within the blood?
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What type of stem cells are responsible for the continual renewal of blood cells?
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Why might chemotherapy be used after surgery for breast cancer?
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What initial symptoms did Maria Saloniki experience before being diagnosed with breast cancer?
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How long did it take for Maria to receive a correct diagnosis of her condition?
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What treatment did Maria begin after her biopsy confirmed breast cancer?
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What financial challenge did Maria's husband face during her treatment?
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What was the main finding of the randomized clinical trials regarding high-dose chemotherapy with bone marrow transplant (HDCT+BMT)?
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What percentage of five-year survival was reported for women receiving HDCT+BMT in one study by Dr. Bezwoda?
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What factors made it challenging to recruit patients for the randomized trials?
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What was a major concern about the duration of the clinical trials mentioned?
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Study Notes
Global Health Goals
- In 2000, 189 countries committed to the UN Millennium Development Goals to improve the health of the world's poorest citizens.
- The goal is to halve the proportion of people whose income is less than one dollar a day by 2015.
- The goal is to halve the proportion of people who suffer from hunger by 2015.
- The goal is to achieve universal primary education.
- The goal is to eliminate gender disparity in primary and secondary education by 2015.
- The goal is to reduce the under-five mortality rate by two-thirds by 2015.
- The goal is to reduce the maternal mortality ratio by 75% by 2015.
- The goal is to halt and begin to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS by 2015.
- The goal is to halt and begin to reverse the incidence of malaria and other major diseases by 2015.
- The goal is to halve the proportion of people without access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation.
- The goal is to ensure environmental sustainability.
- The goal is to develop a global partnership for development.
Health Care Expenditure
- Average healthcare expenditures in high-income countries are more than $1,800 per person.
- The average healthcare expenditures in the world's least developed countries are $16 per person.
- Even within high-income countries, the cost of new medical technologies is a major concern.
- Bioengineering is an emerging field with the goal of harnessing science to address global health problems.
- To be effective, new healthcare technologies must be both effective and affordable.
Treatment for Breast Cancer
- There are many treatments for breast cancer, most early-stage breast cancers are treated with surgery.
- A lumpectomy is a procedure to remove a portion of tissue.
- A mastectomy is a procedure to remove the entire breast.
- Many larger tumors are treated with chemotherapy.
- Chemotherapy may be used to shrink large tumors before surgery to make them easier to remove.
- Chemotherapy may also be used following surgery to lower the risk of recurrence. ### Chemotherapy Explained
- Chemotherapy uses drugs that are toxic to cancer cells.
- The drugs are given intravenously or by mouth.
- The drugs travel throughout the bloodstream to all parts of the body.
- Chemotherapeutic drugs interfere with the ability of cancer cells to divide.
- The bone marrow continuously produces new blood cells throughout life.
- High doses of chemotherapy can destroy the bone marrow, leading to a lack of healthy blood cells such as red blood cells and white blood cells.
- The lack of blood cells can lead to infections and other complications.
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Description
Explore the key objectives set by the UN Millennium Development Goals aimed at improving global health and reducing poverty. This quiz covers various targets ranging from education to mortality rates and access to clean water. Test your knowledge on these critical goals and their outcomes anticipated by 2015.
