10 Questions
Geography is a field of science devoted to the study of the lands, features, inhabitants, and phenomena of Earth. Geography is an all-encompassing discipline that seeks an understanding of Earth and its human and natural complexities—not merely where objects are, but also how they have changed and come to be. While geography is specific to Earth, many concepts can be applied more broadly to other celestial bodies in the field of planetary science. Geography has been called
a bridge between natural science and social science disciplines
The first recorded use of the word γεωγραφία was as a title of a book by Greek scholar Eratosthenes (276–194 BC). However, the concepts of geography (such as cartography) date back to the earliest attempts to understand the world spatially, with the earliest example of an attempted world map dating to the
9th cen
Geography (from Greek: γεωγραφία, geographia. Combination of Greek words 'Geo' (The Earth) and 'Graphien' (to describe), literally
earth description
Geography is a field of science devoted to the study of the lands, features, inhabitants, and phenomena of
Earth
The first recorded use of the word γεωγραφία was as a title of a book by Greek scholar
Eratosthenes (276–194 BC)
What is arch action?
Arch action is the resolution of forces into compressive stresses, eliminating tensile stresses.
How does the outward thrust of an arch change as the rise of the arch decreases?
As the rise of the arch decreases, the outward thrust increases.
When did arches first appear in architecture?
Arches appeared as early as the 2nd millennium BC in Mesopotamian brick architecture.
Who were the first to systematically use arches in a wide range of structures?
The ancient Romans were the first to systematically use arches in a wide range of structures.
What is the distinguishing feature of a vault compared to an arch?
A vault may be distinguished as a continuous arch forming a roof.
Study Notes
Geography
- Geography is a field of science that studies the lands, features, inhabitants, and phenomena of Earth.
- It seeks to understand Earth and its human and natural complexities, including how objects have changed and come to be.
- Geography can be applied to other celestial bodies in the field of planetary science.
Etymology of Geography
- The word "geography" comes from the Greek words "Geo" (The Earth) and "Graphien" (to describe), literally meaning "earth description".
- The first recorded use of the word γεωγραφία was by Greek scholar Eratosthenes (276–194 BC).
History of Cartography
- The earliest example of an attempted world map dates back to the 9th century.
- Cartography concepts have been around since the earliest attempts to understand the world spatially.
Arches
- An arch is a vertical curved structure that spans an elevated space and may or may not support the weight above it.
- Arches may be synonymous with vaults, but a vault may be distinguished as a continuous arch forming a roof.
History of Arches
- Arches appeared as early as the 2nd millennium BC in Mesopotamian brick architecture.
- The ancient Romans were the first to apply the technique of arches to a wide range of structures.
Basic Concepts of Arches
- An arch is a pure compression form that resolves forces into compressive stresses, eliminating tensile stresses.
- This is known as "arch action".
- The outward thrust of an arch increases as the rise (height) of the arch decreases.
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