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Questions and Answers
What are the two main parts of a door?
What are the two main parts of a door?
Door frame and Door shutter
What are the functions of a window?
What are the functions of a window?
Admit light and air, Give view to the outside, Provide insulation against heat loss
What should be considered while locating doors and windows?
What should be considered while locating doors and windows?
Door frames are made of Timber, Steel section, Aluminum sections, Concrete, and Stone.
Door frames are made of Timber, Steel section, Aluminum sections, Concrete, and Stone.
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The height of a door should not be less than $1.8$ to $2.10$ meters.
The height of a door should not be less than $1.8$ to $2.10$ meters.
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What is the purpose of wire gauged doors?
What is the purpose of wire gauged doors?
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Which materials are commonly used for the construction of windows?
Which materials are commonly used for the construction of windows?
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Glass is a super cooled liquid, one that is physically solid but uncrystallized which has sufficient viscosity to prevent the formation of ____.
Glass is a super cooled liquid, one that is physically solid but uncrystallized which has sufficient viscosity to prevent the formation of ____.
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Match the type of glass with its description:
Match the type of glass with its description:
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Study Notes
Doors and Windows
Introduction to Doors
- A door is an openable barrier secured in a wall opening, providing access, protection, safety, and privacy to a room.
- A door consists of two parts: door frame and door shutter.
Location of Doors and Windows
- The number of doors in a room should be kept minimum to avoid obstruction and reduce circulation area.
- Doors should be located near the corner of a room, about 20cm away from the corner.
- If there are two doors in a room, they should be located in opposite walls, facing each other, to provide good ventilation.
- Windows should be located in opposite walls, facing a door or another window, to provide cross ventilation.
Technical Terms
- Frame: an assembly of horizontal and vertical members, forming an enclosure, to which the shutters are fixed.
- Shutters: openable parts of a door or window.
- Head: the top or uppermost horizontal part of a frame.
- Sill: the lowermost or bottom horizontal part of a window frame.
- Mullion: vertical member of a frame, which is employed to sub-divide a window or a door vertically.
- Transom: Horizontal member of a frame, which is employed to subdivide a window opening horizontally.
- Post: The vertical member of a frame which is fixed to the wall.
Size of Doors
- The size of a door should be such that it allows the movement of the largest object or tallest person likely to use the door.
- The height of a door should not be less than 1.8m (1.8-2.10m).
- The width of a door should be such that two persons can pass through it walking shoulder to shoulder.
- The common width-height relations are:
- Width = 0.4 to 0.6 height
- Height = (width + 1.2) meters
Types of Doors
- Classification based on material used:
- Wooden doors (solid core, hollow core, and built-up doors)
- Glazed doors (admit light, with single, two, or three glass panels)
- Plywood doors (used for internal applications)
- Metal doors (steel, aluminum, or other materials)
- Classification based on working operation:
- Revolving doors (used in public buildings, with automatic closure)
- Sliding doors (with runners and guide rails)
- Swing doors (hinged at the side, with single or double swing)
- Collapsible doors (made of light steel sections, used for workshops and public buildings)
- Folding doors (used for garages, shops, and other commercial buildings)
Windows
- The location of a window should meet the following functional requirements:
- Interior decoration
- Arrangement of furniture
- Fresh air supply
- Distribution of daylight
- Materials used for construction of windows:
- Wood
- Glass
- Plywood
- Metals
- The number of windows is decided upon:
- Control of ventilation
- Architectural requirement
- Distribution and control of daylight
- Privacy of the occupant
Window Frames and Technical Terms
- Mullion: vertical member of a frame, which is employed to sub-divide a window or a door vertically.
- Post: The vertical member of a frame which is fixed to the wall.
- Transom: Horizontal member of a frame, which is employed to subdivide a window opening horizontally.
- Sill: the lowermost or bottom horizontal part of a window frame.
- Head: the top or uppermost horizontal part of a frame.
Types of Window Movement
- Fixed type: The shutter is fixed and cannot move.
- Casement: The shutter opens towards outside or inside of the building.
- Awning (Top hinged): The shutter is hinged at the top and can be moved outside or inside.
- Hopper (Bottom hinged): The shutter is hinged at the bottom and can be moved inside or outside.
- Sliding: The shutter can move inside the walls horizontally or vertically.
- Double hung: One shutter goes up and the other moves down.
- Louvers (jalousie): have glass or wood louvers that pivot simultaneously in a common frame.
- Pivoting: have sashes that rotate 90o or 180o about a vertical or horizontal axis at or near their centers.
Glass and Glazing
- Glass is a super-cooled liquid, physically solid but uncrystallized, with sufficient viscosity to prevent the formation of crystals.
- Basic materials used in the manufacture of glass:
- Sand (Silica)
- Soda (Sodium Oxide)
- Lime (Calcium Oxide)
- Types of glass used in construction of doors and windows:
- Plate Glass
- Clear Window Glass
- Obscured Glass
- Processed Glass
- Wired Glass
- Prism Glass
- Active Glass
- Quartz Glass
- Bullet Proof Glass
- Tinted and Coated Glass
- Double Glazing
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Description
This quiz covers the basics of doors, windows, arches, and lintels in building construction, including their definitions and functions.
