Global Demography: Characteristics of a Global City
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Questions and Answers

What would be the consequence of faster population growth according to Malthus?

  • Reduced mortality rates
  • Depressed wages, leading to misery (correct)
  • Economic progress
  • Increase in wages

    • What is the 'positive' check in Malthus' theory?

  • Postponement of marriage
  • Increased economic progress
  • Mortality response (correct)
  • Reduced fertility rates

    • What was the average age of first marriage for women in preindustrial Europe?

  • 18 years
  • 20 years
  • 30 years
  • 25 years (correct)

    • What was the total fertility rate (TFR) in preindustrial Europe?

    <p>Four to five births per woman</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the life expectancy at birth in preindustrial Europe?

    <p>25-35 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the 'preventive' check in Malthus' theory?

    <p>Postponement of marriage, resulting in prostitution and vices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Malthus believe was the solution to avoid misery and vice?

    <p>Moral restraint through chaste postponement of marriage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the share of women who never married in preindustrial Europe?

    <p>A substantial share</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary assumption in most economic theories of fertility?

    <p>Couples wish to have a certain number of surviving children</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of increased child survival on fertility, according to economic theories?

    <p>Fertility decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of technological progress and human capital on the value of time in childbearing?

    <p>It increases the value of time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the current fertility rate of 60 countries, representing 43% of the world's population?

    <p>At or below 2.1 children per woman</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the world's population is concentrated in the 60 countries with fertility at or below the replacement level?

    <p>43%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary determinant of population growth?

    <p>The combination of fertility and mortality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the current global population?

    <p>6.5 billion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the age range during which two-thirds of childbearing occurs in the Least Developed Countries?

    <p>20-35</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the rate of population growth per year?

    <p>76 million people</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason for the decline in the total fertility rate?

    <p>Changes in fertility in the developing world</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the projected infant mortality rate by 2050?

    <p>Fewer than 30 deaths per 1,000 live births</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average life expectancy in the world as a whole in 2000-2005?

    <p>65 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the projected life expectancy in wealthy developed countries by the middle of this century?

    <p>82 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between the number of births and deaths per year?

    <p>76 million</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has contributed to changes in the age-group composition of populations?

    <p>Changes in birth, death and migration processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the crude birth rate?

    <p>The number of births per 1,000 people</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using graphics or statistics in an infographic?

    <p>To relate the information to the topic and make it easier to understand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of an infographic with minimal graphics or statistics?

    <p>It is acceptably attractive but does not relate to the topic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of an infographic with distractingly messy or poorly designed graphics or statistics?

    <p>It distracts the reader from the main topic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main goal of using graphics or statistics in an infographic?

    <p>To relate the information to the topic and make it easier to understand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of an infographic with almost all graphics or statistics?

    <p>It is related to the topic and makes it easier to understand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of graphics or statistics in an infographic?

    <p>To make the topic easier to understand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of an infographic with some graphics or statistics?

    <p>It is related to the topic but may be a bit messy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of making an infographic attractive?

    <p>To make the topic easier to understand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Global Demography

    • Global demography is the study of population growth, diversity, and mobility in the global city.

    Characteristics of Global Demography

    • Population growth is determined by the combination of fertility and mortality rates.
    • The global population has grown from 2 billion in 1950 to 6.5 billion today, with a growth rate of 76 million people per year.
    • The total fertility rate (TFR) has decreased from 5 in 1950 to 2.5 today, mainly due to changes in fertility in the developing world.

    Demographic Transition

    • The demographic transition is a model that describes the transition of a population from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates.
    • The transition is characterized by a decline in mortality rates, followed by a decline in fertility rates.
    • The demographic transition has been faster and more rapid in east Asia, while slower in south Asia and Latin America.

    Fertility Transition

    • Fertility transition is the decline in fertility rates as a result of economic development and improvements in healthcare.
    • The fertility transition is influenced by factors such as the increase in child survival, technological progress, and increasing human capital.
    • Currently, 60 countries with 43% of the world's population have fertility rates at or below the replacement level of 2.1 children per woman.

    Mortality Rates

    • Infant mortality rates have declined from 180 to 57 deaths per 1,000 live births in developing countries, and are projected to decline further to fewer than 30 deaths per 1,000 live births by 2050.
    • Life expectancy has increased from 47 years in 1950-1955 to 65 years in 2000-2005, and is projected to rise to 75 years by the middle of this century.
    • The disparity in population growth between developed and developing countries reflects the existence of considerable heterogeneity in birth, death, and migration processes.
    • The disparity has coincided with changes in the age-group composition of populations.
    • Crude birth and death rates are important indicators of population growth, and are affected by factors such as emigration and immigration.

    Malthusian Theory

    • The Malthusian theory suggests that population growth is limited by the availability of resources, and that population growth will eventually lead to misery and vice.
    • Malthus believed that the only way to avoid this fate was through moral restraint, or the chaste postponement of marriage.

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