Global Crimes Overview and Extent
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Questions and Answers

What is the estimated global value of all trafficking according to the Global Financial Integrity Report on Transnational Crime?

  • $500 billion
  • $1.6 to $2.2 trillion (correct)
  • $2 to $3 trillion
  • $3 to $4 trillion

Which type of crime is reported to have the largest share in global trafficking?

  • Human trafficking
  • Drug trafficking (correct)
  • Fraud
  • Arms trafficking

What is the anticipated cost of cyber crime by 2026?

  • $20 trillion (correct)
  • $10 trillion
  • $15 trillion
  • $6 trillion

What percentage of the global population used a drug in the last year according to the 2021 Drug Report?

<p>5.4 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following crimes is classified as a global crime?

<p>Tax evasion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the fastest growing types of cyber crime mentioned?

<p>RansomWare (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group is not typically involved in committing global crimes?

<p>Local community members (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the predominant factor in the increase of drug use globally since 2018?

<p>Cannabis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What impact has economic globalisation had on international crime rates?

<p>It has led to an increase in organized crime networks. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the relationship between tax havens and global crime?

<p>Tax havens are illegal and contribute to tax evasion. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What trend has been observed regarding global terrorism in recent years?

<p>Terrorism rates are decreasing overall. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes cultural globalisation's effect on crime?

<p>It may lead to increased conflicts between cultures. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately reflects the situation of drugs on the deep and dark web?

<p>The deep and dark web supports increasing drug trafficking. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one interpretation of corporate tax evasion through tax havens?

<p>It reflects loopholes in laws that companies exploit. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What relationship does income inequality have with global crime, particularly sex trafficking?

<p>It creates vulnerability for individuals to be trafficked. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor greatly influences the location of terrorism-related activities?

<p>The level of conflict within a country. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do transnational corporations (TNCs) contribute to global crime?

<p>Through engaging in activities that may evade laws. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a modern challenge associated with smuggling goods due to globalisation?

<p>Counterfeit goods are increasingly smuggled across borders. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What financial cost does tax evasion present to taxpayers annually, according to estimates?

<p>$200 billion. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is often a misconception about the use of tax havens?

<p>They are always illegal. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding the dynamics of global terrorism?

<p>Terrorism is connected to globalisation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What phenomenon has significantly changed the nature of crime across societies?

<p>Instantaneous connectivity through the internet (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a consequence of global crime?

<p>Increased opportunities in ethical business (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which perspective explains the increase in global crime as a result of the spread of Global Capitalism?

<p>Marxism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one potential result of global crime for consumers in the West?

<p>Victimization through poor quality products (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do organized criminal networks play in global crime, according to Misha Glenny?

<p>They facilitate the rise of global crime. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the Deep Web and Dark Web contribute to criminal activities?

<p>By enabling trading in illegal goods and networking. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factor is critical to understanding the emergence of online crime?

<p>Rapid advancements in communication technologies (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the United Nations Human Rights Convention criminalize at a global level?

<p>Acts like genocide and state crimes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What misconception about online crime is highlighted in the content?

<p>Most people online are inclined towards criminal behavior. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What challenge do governments face in combating global crime?

<p>Coordination and resource allocation difficulties (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of analysis can help understand sex trafficking in a global context?

<p>Feminist analysis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it suggested that the increase of crime is seen as an inevitable response to globalization?

<p>More flows of goods and ideas lead to potential illegal activities. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the text imply about the victims of cyber crime today?

<p>Many victims exist without awareness of their victimization. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a consequence of international law changes?

<p>Increased criminalization of previously legal acts. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential issue with the global drugs market mentioned in the content?

<p>It involves high risks for those who participate. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Global Crimes

Crimes that occur across international borders, involving the illegal movement of goods, people, or money.

Trafficking

Moving drugs, people, and/or weapons across international borders illegally.

Cyber Crimes

Crimes committed using digital networks, such as phishing, extortion, and fraud.

Financial Crimes

Crimes related to financial activities, such as tax evasion.

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Ransomware

The use of technology for criminal activities, like ransomware attacks, where computer systems are hacked and data is held hostage until ransom is paid.

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Organized Criminal Networks

Crimes committed by individuals or groups with a shared purpose, often referred to as organized crime.

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State Crimes

Crimes committed by governments themselves.

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Corporate Crimes

Crimes committed by corporations, usually for profit.

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Deep and Dark Web

The hidden, encrypted part of the internet where illegal activities are often concealed. It's accessible only through special software and is notorious for its anonymity.

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Tax Haven

A country or territory with low or no taxes, often used by corporations and wealthy individuals to avoid paying taxes in their home countries.

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Tax Evasion

The act of using illegal or unethical methods to avoid paying taxes.

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Terrorism

The use of force or violence to achieve political goals, often with the intent to instill fear and disrupt social order.

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Globalization

A global phenomenon characterized by the increasing interconnectedness of people, cultures, and economies, leading to the exchange of ideas, goods, and information across borders.

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Economic Globalization

The movement of goods and services across international borders, facilitated by technological advancements and reduced trade barriers.

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Cultural Globalization

The spread of cultural elements, practices, and ideas around the world, leading to the blurring of national boundaries and the emergence of global cultures.

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Global Criminal Networks

A network of individuals and organizations operating across borders, often involved in illegal activities such as drug trafficking, smuggling, and money laundering.

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Smuggling

The illegal transportation of goods across borders, often to avoid taxes or tariffs.

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Counterfeit Goods

The illegal act of producing and selling counterfeit goods, often deceptively presented as authentic products.

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Transnational Corporations (TNCs)

Large multinational corporations operating in multiple countries, playing a significant role in global trade and economic activities.

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Tax Evasion (by TNCs)

The process of avoiding paying taxes legally, often by exploiting loopholes and regulations.

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Environmental Crime (by TNCs)

Exploiting weak environmental regulations in developing countries to minimize costs and maximize profits, often at the expense of the environment.

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Sex Trafficking

The illegal trafficking of people, often forced into exploitation, slavery, or sexual servitude.

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Drug Trafficking

The illegal trade of drugs across borders, driven by high demand and profit margins.

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Winners and Losers in Global Crime

A global perspective that considers winners and losers in terms of economic opportunities and consequences of global crime.

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Global Connectivity

The use of internet to connect individuals across borders, creating opportunities for cybercrime and spreading harmful ideas.

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Organized Crime

Criminal activities by individuals or groups aiming to profit from illegal trade, often involving smuggling and organized networks.

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Globalisation and Crime

The idea that increased global trade and interconnectedness can lead to more opportunities for illegal activity.

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Marxist View of Global Crime

The theory that capitalism with its inequalities creates conditions for people to engage in criminal activities.

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The McMafia

The decline of communism in Eastern Europe in the late 1980s led to a surge in organized crime, especially in countries like Bulgaria.

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Feminist Perspective on Global Crime

The use of feminist perspectives to understand crimes targeting women, particularly the illegal trafficking of human beings.

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Global Cooperation in Fighting Crime

The interconnectedness of nations and societies, requiring cooperation between governments to fight transnational crimes.

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Legal Changes and Global Crime

The impact of new laws and regulations on crime rates. Making previously legal acts illegal can artificially increase crime stats.

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Technology and Global Crime

The use of technological advances like the internet to facilitate criminal activity.

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Fear and Uncertainty

The fear and uncertainty that arises from global crimes, especially terrorism, which can impact society's sense of security.

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Study Notes

Global Crimes: Overview

  • Global crimes occur across multiple regions, often with perpetrators in one country and victims in another.
  • Different categories include trafficking (drugs, people, weapons), cybercrime (phishing, extortion), financial crimes (tax evasion), international terrorism, and green crimes.
  • Actors involved range from lone individuals to organized criminal networks, governments (state crimes), and corporations.

Extent of Global Crime

  • Trafficking: Estimated value between $1.6 and $2.2 trillion globally; drug trafficking accounts for around $500 billion (30%).

  • Note* Drug use increased from 269 million to 292 million globally (2018 to 2022)

  • Note* Cannabis and amphetamines show highest increase in use.

  • Cybercrime: Estimated $6 trillion in 2021 and projected to reach $20 trillion by 2026. Ransomware is a major growing concern.

  • Tax Havens and Tax Evasion: Trillions of dollars in corporate funds held in tax havens, costing taxpayers hundreds of billions in lost revenue. Estimates of hidden individual wealth range from $8 trillion to $30 trillion, leading to similar annual losses for taxpayers.

  • Global Terrorism: Deaths from terrorism decreased from a peak of approximately 34,500 in 2014 to roughly 8,500 in 2023. Most terrorism deaths occur in conflict areas.

Global Crime and Globalization

  • Economic Globalisation: Increased global trade, TNCs, and inequality can all contribute to global crime, such as illegal smuggling of goods (alcohol, cigarettes, counterfeits). Organized criminal networks exploit these factors. TNCs, though not necessarily committing 'crime', engage in 'law evasion' like avoiding environmental regulations or through tax havens. Sex-trafficking and drug trade also stem from economic inequality.

  • Cultural Globalisation: Increased communication can lead to cultural clashes, and the spread of radical ideologies via the internet. The existence of global human rights, though potentially contributing to some crimes, also holds states accountable to these rights (e.g., genocide).

  • Internet and Cybercrime: The internet facilitates global crime through easy communication, phishing, and trading of illegal goods and services on the Deep and Dark Web.

Consequences of Global Crime

  • Individuals: Victims from developing countries include those in sex trafficking or drug trafficking. Victims of cybercrime are potentially large in numbers but often unknown. Those in developed countries can also be victims (e.g., poor quality goods).
  • Society: Increased resource allocation and coordination needed by governments to combat global crime, leading to fear and uncertainty, especially in the case of terrorism.

Causes of Increased Global Crime

  • Globalization: Increased flows of goods, people, and ideas may lead to more crime.

  • Technology: The internet makes many crimes easier.

  • Marxist Perspective: Inequity and exploitation of developing countries, and law-evasion by multinational corporations and elites, contribute to global crime.

  • Organized crime networks: The collapse of communism has led to an increase in organized crime groups facilitating global crime in multiple countries.

  • Interactionist Perspective: Changes in international law can create new global crimes.

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Description

Explore the multifaceted world of global crimes that span various categories including trafficking, cybercrime, and financial crimes. This quiz delves into the alarming statistics related to drug trafficking, cybercrime growth, and the fiscal impact of tax evasion. Understand the actors involved and the global implications of these crimes.

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