Global Credit Exposure Management Policy 2024
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of the Global Credit Exposure Management Policy?

  • To define the governance structure of the bank
  • To outline the objectives of credit risk management
  • To classify customers for credit risk exposures
  • To provide guidelines for managing credit risks effectively (correct)

Which committee is responsible for overseeing the governance of credit risk management?

  • Board of Directors
  • Risk Management Committee of the Board (RMCB) (correct)
  • Product & Process Approval Committee
  • Credit Policy Committee

Which type of lending does NOT fall under the 'Credit Governance and Segmentation' section?

  • Microfinance (correct)
  • Corporate & Institutional Credit
  • Retail Lending
  • MSME

What aspect does the classification of customers for credit risk primarily influence?

<p>The risk assessment methods used (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these groups is specifically classified under 'Rural & Agricultural Banking Business'?

<p>Farmers and rural businesses (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which committee is NOT a part of the governance structure outlined in the policy?

<p>Investment Oversight Committee (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The 'Purpose and Scope of the Policy' section primarily focuses on what aspect of credit management?

<p>Outlining objectives for credit risk management (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key responsibility of the Risk Management Department?

<p>Monitoring credit exposure and ensuring compliance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum surplus required for the Bank to issue PSLC?

<p>2% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following activities requires activity clearance from COCC-CGM if the exposure exceeds Rs. 1 crore?

<p>Financing of Educational Institutes above Rs. 5 crore (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For which proposal is the activity clearance NOT required regardless of the amount?

<p>Advances against shares to individuals (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum amount for which activity clearance from ZOCC-GM is necessary?

<p>Rs. 1 crore (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following industries is categorized under Category A and requires clearance if exposure exceeds Rs. 1 crore?

<p>Aviation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of COCC-ED in regards to financing activities?

<p>Activity clearance for financing Film-making (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which activity falls under Category B requiring clearance for exposure exceeding Rs. 1 crore?

<p>Plantation excluding certain crops (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of loan is mentioned under the Category A activities that necessitates activity clearance?

<p>Bridge Loans (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum aggregate amount that can be written off for a borrower to be considered for further lending?

<p>Rs. 2 lakh (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the required CIBIL score for a borrower seeking a fresh retail loan after a write-off?

<p>701 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

After how many years must a loan account be closed for a borrower to reapply for credit facilities?

<p>5 years (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following authorities can approve proposals below the power of ZOCC?

<p>ZOCC-GM (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition applies to credit card write-off cases for further lending?

<p>Settlement involving up to Rs. 0.50 lakh must have occurred (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which situation disqualifies a firm from receiving a bank loan?

<p>Firm has a current CIBIL score below 701 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the condition for promoters/partners/directors of firms with loans settled under a compromise to secure new credit?

<p>Must comply with all conditions on their own merits (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a correct statement regarding write-offs under loan waiver schemes?

<p>No restrictions apply for further lending. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of C & IC customers with exposure of Rs. 50 crore and above must meet the prescribed COE during a financial year?

<p>75% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is responsible for determining the threshold level for RAROC?

<p>Global ALCO (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is RAROC calculated for fresh/review proposals?

<p>To assess risk-adjusted performance measures. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of credit risk exposures do not add economic value to shareholders?

<p>Exposures with RAROC below COE (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is exempted from the RAROC framework?

<p>Loans to individuals under schematic lending (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does RAROC promote according to the guidelines provided?

<p>Consistent performance evaluations across all risk types (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who has the authority to review COE and approve target rates for RAROC?

<p>Global ALCO (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the Risk Management Department in relation to RAROC?

<p>Issuing operational guidelines and reporting status (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What primary type of risk does credit risk or default risk involve?

<p>Inability or unwillingness to meet contractual commitments (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a component of credit risk for a single customer?

<p>Concentration risk (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Credit risk in relation to a portfolio includes which types of risk?

<p>Intrinsic and concentration risks (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factor does the credit risk of a bank's lending portfolio depend on?

<p>Strategic goals concerning risk-adjusted return (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of 'strategic goals' in credit risk management?

<p>They guide decisions on risk-adjusted returns (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of risk is intrinsic to the individual customer or counterparty?

<p>Transaction risk (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately defines concentration risk?

<p>The risk arising from exposure to a particular asset or group of assets (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key to determining the amount of regulatory and economic capital a bank needs?

<p>Risk-adjusted return strategies (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who has the authority to approve deviations, modifications, concessions, and waivers that are not specified in the policy for scheme-specific matters?

<p>COCC-CGM and above authorities (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum gross annual turnover for borrower entities to be classified as Corporate & Institutional Credit (C & IC)?

<p>Rs. 250 crore (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a credit proposal requires approvals from multiple authorities, which authority is responsible for collective evaluation and granting of approvals?

<p>The authority with the highest Discretionary Lending Powers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a condition under which deviations, modifications, concessions, and waivers should be given?

<p>They must be within regulatory prescriptions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of borrowers are excluded from being classified as C & IC borrowers?

<p>Borrowers classified under Regulatory MSME (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For credit proposals that necessitate multiple approvals, what must be recorded for each deviation granted?

<p>Due justification in writing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the classification for borrowers with an initial project cost above Rs. 100 crore until DCCO is achieved?

<p>Corporate &amp; Institutional Credit (C &amp; IC) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which authority has the power to consider deviation and modification for proposals under the powers of COCC-CGM?

<p>COCC-CGM (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following sectors is exempt from the Rating Threshold for Negative Outlook?

<p>Food &amp; Agro processing units (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum exposure limit for MSME borrowers to be exempt from the Rating Threshold?

<p>Rs. 50 crore (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the validity period of the Priority Sector Lending Certificate (PSLC)?

<p>Until the next reporting date, March 31st (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How much of the previous year's PSL achievement can be issued as PSLC without having underlying assets?

<p>50% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of banks can trade in PSLC through RBI’s CBS portal?

<p>Scheduled Commercial Banks and others specified (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum lot size for trading PSLCs?

<p>Rs. 25 lakh (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which authority must approve the annual target market approach prepared by credit verticals?

<p>Risk Management Committee of the Board (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group is expressly exempted from the RAROC framework?

<p>Agricultural loans (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What criteria must be fulfilled for a takeover proposal with an external credit rating of BB to not require an Agreement in Principle (AIP)?

<p>Security coverage must not be diluted. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what scenario is an Agreement in Principle (AIP) not required for fresh proposals from Corporate borrowers?

<p>If the external credit rating is A or above. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum external credit rating required for MSME and Agriculture borrowers to avoid an AIP for fresh proposals?

<p>BBB (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does credit risk or default risk primarily involve?

<p>The inability or unwillingness of a customer to fulfill contractual commitments (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is critical in determining the credit risk of a bank's lending portfolio?

<p>The bank's strategic goals concerning risk-adjusted return (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions will exempt a Corporate borrower from requiring an AIP regardless of ZOCC-GM powers?

<p>The project must not be in the negative list. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does concentration risk relate to in the context of credit risk?

<p>The risk arising from a lender's exposure to a single customer or sector (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following entities do not require activity clearance for MSME loans under specific schemes?

<p>All MSME loans regardless of amount (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of risks is included in the credit risk when assessing a portfolio?

<p>Transaction risk and concentration risk (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a condition that must be met for an AIP to be exempted for takeovers of MSME and Agriculture proposals?

<p>No security can be released. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the requirement for an external credit rating to trigger an Agreement in Principle for fresh Corporate proposals?

<p>Below A. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is intrinsic to a customer's credit risk?

<p>The transaction risk associated with that customer (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For effective lending against deposits in cooperative banks, what certification is required?

<p>A certificate confirming deposit is not for statutory requirements. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does regulatory and economic capital influence credit risk management?

<p>It provides a basis for the bank’s strategic goals in risk management (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When assessing a borrower's credit risk, what initial factor is most significant?

<p>The borrower's credit history with other institutions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between strategic goals and risk-adjusted return in the context of credit risk?

<p>Risk-adjusted return provides a framework for strategic decision-making (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum amount that can be written off for a borrower to still be considered for further lending?

<p>Rs. 2 lakh (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What minimum CIBIL score is required for a borrower seeking retail loans after a write-off?

<p>701 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions must be met for promoters or partners of firms with a loan write-off to apply for new credit?

<p>The loan accounts were closed at least 5 years before the application (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who has the authority to approve proposals that exceed the powers of ZOCC-GM?

<p>Next higher level credit committee (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In credit card write-off cases, which is the maximum settlement amount for a borrower to be eligible for further lending?

<p>Rs. 0.50 lakh (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which category of lenders can have their proposals for further lending considered based on merits after a write-off?

<p>Promoters/partners/directors with loans settled under compromise (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the time frame required for a loan account to be closed before a borrower can reapply for new credit facilities?

<p>5 years (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which authority addresses proposals falling below the power threshold of ZOCC?

<p>ZOCC-GM (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the COCC-CGM regarding proposals related to certain activities?

<p>To consider proposals that fall under specific restrictions on credit exposure. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following activities is specifically discouraged by the bank?

<p>Setting up new sugar factories in the co-operative sector. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a requirement for credit facilities for borrowers wishing to set up products listed in the banned category?

<p>Approval must come from the respective corporate office credit committee. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the TAT that branches must maintain when submitting the AIP form?

<p>It is a strict timeline set by the Functional Head for processing. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a necessary requirement when considering an AIP?

<p>Assessment of internal ratings for borrowers. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What authority has the power to consider proposals above the limits of COCC-CGM?

<p>Respective corporate office level credit committee (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factors may lead to the rejection of a financing request according to the guidelines?

<p>Borrowers who default with other financial institutions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What criteria should a borrower meet to be eligible for working capital facilities in the sugar production sector?

<p>They must align with RBI guidelines under Selective Credit Control. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of lending is considered under the advances against bullion or primary gold category?

<p>Lending against precious metals (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of exposure norms, what are substantial exposure caps primarily designed to prevent?

<p>Overconcentration of credit risk (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following categories does NOT fall under capital market exposure?

<p>Advances against agricultural products (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of granting bridge loans against receivables from government?

<p>To offer short-term liquidity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of advance is specifically meant for the acquisition of Kisan Vikas Patras?

<p>Advances against small savings instruments (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which financing option is included under bank guarantees issued to other banks or financial institutions?

<p>Performance guarantees (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In cross-border lending, which factor is crucial for assessing the exposure risk?

<p>Exchange rate fluctuations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of exposure limit is set based on the nature of the activity being funded?

<p>Single/group exposure limit (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key responsibility of the Credit Policy Committee?

<p>Establishing credit policies for the bank (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which segment does not fall under the classification of Customers for the Purpose of Credit Risk Exposures?

<p>High-Net-Worth Individuals (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does the Governance Structure primarily serve in the credit exposure management policy?

<p>To ensure oversight and accountability in credit risk management (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is primarily used to classify borrowers under Corporate & Institutional Credit?

<p>Annual revenue threshold (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the Risk Management Committee of the Board?

<p>Oversight of the overall credit risk strategy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT included in the objectives of the policy?

<p>Standardizing loan application procedures (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What primary type of lending is classified under Retail Lending?

<p>Home mortgages for individuals (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the governance structure, which committee is primarily responsible for credit policy formulation?

<p>Credit Policy Committee (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What minimum surplus must be met for the Bank to issue PSLC?

<p>2% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following activities does NOT require activity clearance from COCC-CGM if exposure exceeds Rs. 1 crore?

<p>Manufacturing &amp; Trading of Liquor (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approval authority for activities under Category A proposals that exceed Rs. 1 crore in exposure?

<p>Zonal Office Credit Committee General Manager (ZOCC-GM) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For which of the following sectors is activity clearance not required if the exposure exceeds Rs. 1 crore?

<p>Plantation including common horticulture crops (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following activities requires activity clearance from COCC-ED?

<p>Financing of Film-making (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum exposure limit for aviation projects before requiring activity clearance from authorities?

<p>Rs. 1 crore (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true regarding Category B activities and exposure limits?

<p>Proposals beyond the power of ZOCC-GM do not require separate clearance. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following activity requires activity clearance for exposures exceeding Rs. 5 crore?

<p>Financing of Educational Institutes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which industry is NOT required to have an industrial license?

<p>Manufacturing of household items (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following hazardous chemicals requires industrial licensing?

<p>Hydrocyanic acid (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the corporate loan book does BOB plan to allocate to the BOB 3 internal rating range?

<p>15% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the cap for exposures rated BOB 7 and below?

<p>4% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following drug regulations was modified in 1994 according to industrial licensing needs?

<p>Drug policy framework (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which external rating corresponds to the internal rating range of BOB 4?

<p>BBB (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the target share in the incremental business for non-investment-grade loans?

<p>20% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following activities is likely to require clearance if the exposure exceeds Rs. 1 crore?

<p>Industrial real estate financing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct procedure for submitting an AIP form?

<p>Submit the AIP form to the respective sector/Functional Head via e-mail in a specific format. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which activity is explicitly discouraged by the bank?

<p>Enhancement of credit exposure to industries with unsatisfactory experiences. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the position of COCC-CGM regarding proposals that exceed their authority?

<p>Respective corporate office credit committees may consider the proposal based on its merits. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a necessary requirement for AIP submissions?

<p>AIP form must be filled in a specific format. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which scenario will the bank provide financing?

<p>For working capital facilities in compliance with RBI guidelines. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the specified TAT during AIP consideration?

<p>It is the maximum allowable time for approval to be granted. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following sectors is specifically mentioned as discouraged for new financing?

<p>Sugar factories with a capacity less than 5000 TCD. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition applies to borrowers with other financial institution defaults?

<p>They are not eligible for financing requests. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum percentage of fresh or incremental business allowed for CMR-7 rated accounts?

<p>0% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For MSME exposure between Rs. 7.50 crore and Rs. 50 crore, which rating is applicable?

<p>CMR-CIBIL MSME Ratings (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What rating criteria applies to MSME exposure exceeding Rs. 50 crore?

<p>Both Internal and External Rating (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the target share in incremental business for obligors rated BOB 3 & BOB 4?

<p>45% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the cap percentage for BOB 7 & below rated obligors?

<p>4% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which department is responsible for submitting monthly progress reports regarding incremental credit exposure rating grade-wise?

<p>Corporate &amp; Institutional Credit Department (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of a covenant in the loan agreements regarding promoters and directors?

<p>To ensure no promoter or director from a defaulting company is inducted into the board. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How much of the total exposure can a shortfall in any rating grade be compensated by investing in upper rating grades?

<p>Equivalent amount only (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the target share in external rating for obligors rated BOB 6 & below?

<p>5% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is required from a borrower before providing fresh exposure in certain credit card accounts?

<p>No Dues certificate from the Bank or Financial Institutions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What precaution must the Bank take when lending to Group or Associate Concerns?

<p>Be cautious if any associated concern has defaulted on obligations. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which action must be taken if a promoter or director from a defaulting company is found on the board of a borrower?

<p>Take steps for the individual’s removal from the board. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens if a Bureau Report contains adverse remarks about an applicant?

<p>The application is denied without further consideration. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Global Credit Exposure Management Policy

A policy outlining how a bank manages risks associated with lending to different customer segments globally.

Credit Risk Exposure

The potential loss a bank faces if a borrower defaults on a loan.

Corporate & Institutional Credit (C&IC)

Large businesses and organizations that borrow from the bank.

MSME

Small and medium-sized enterprises.

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Rural & Agricultural Banking Business

Loans to rural and agricultural customers.

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Retail Lending

Lending to individual consumers.

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Credit Policy Committee (CPC)

A committee responsible for credit policies within a bank.

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Risk Management Committee of the Board (RMCB)

Board committee for managing risks.

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Credit Risk

The risk that a customer or counterparty will not meet their financial obligations.

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Default Risk

The risk a counterparty will fail to meet contractual commitments.

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Transaction Risk

Risk associated with one specific financial transaction with a counterparty.

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Concentration Risk

Risk associated with lending too much to a single industry or geographic region.

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Lending Portfolio

The aggregate of a bank's loans.

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Risk-Adjusted Return

Return from an investment, calculated considering its potential risk.

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Regulatory Capital

Capital required by a bank to maintain financial stability.

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Economic Capital

Capital set aside by a bank to cover unexpected losses.

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COCC-CGM Power for Deviation

COCC-CGM has authority to approve deviations, modifications, concessions, and waivers from policy guidelines, unless otherwise specified.

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Higher Authorities Deviation Approval

COCC-ED and higher authorities can approve deviations, modifications, concessions and waivers based on their Discretionary Lending Powers (DLPs).

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Scheme-Specific Deviation Approval

For deviations not mentioned in the scheme, COCC-GM (and higher) can approve, following regulations and specific justification.

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Multiple Authority Approvals

When a credit proposal involves various authorities, the one with highest DLP approves all aspects collectively; the competent authorities handle the actual sanction/review.

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Initial Project Cost C&IC

Borrowers with projects above Rs. 100 crore until achievement of DCCO are classified under C&IC.

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Regulatory Prescriptions

Deviation, modification, concession, and waiver approvals must follow all applicable regulations.

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CACB and MCB Authority

CACB can handle the deviation, modification, concession, and waiver requests falling within MCB's authority.

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Activity Clearance

A process where a bank's credit committee reviews and approves certain types of loans or exposures based on the risk involved.

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Category A

These activities require activity clearance from the Credit Officer, even for small loan amounts. Loans exceeding a certain limit are automatically approved without further clearance.

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Category B

These activities only require activity clearance from the Loan Officer for smaller loan amounts. Larger loans are automatically approved without further clearance.

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What are some examples of Category A activities?

Category A includes Leasing, Hire-Purchase, Capital Markets, Film Financing, Bridge Loans, Educational Institutes, Aviation, Infrastructure (Power & Roads), Securitization, Gems & Jewelry, Commercial Real Estate for Malls and Advances to Cooperative Banks.

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What are some examples of Category B activities?

Category B includes Plantation (excluding tea, coffee, and rubber), Liquor Manufacturing, Vegetable Oil, Cinema Halls, Theaters, and some others.

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What is the limit for activity clearance in Category A?

If the fresh exposure to a single counterparty exceeds Rs 1 crore, activity clearance is required for proposals up to and including the power of the Credit Officer.

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What is the limit for activity clearance in Category B?

If the fresh exposure to a single counterparty exceeds Rs 1 crore, activity clearance is required for proposals up to and includingthe power of the Loan Officer.

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What happens to proposals exceeding the clearance limits?

Proposals beyond the specified limits do not require separate activity clearance and can be directly submitted to the appropriate authority.

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RAROC

Risk-Adjusted Return on Capital. It measures the return on capital invested in a loan, taking into account the riskiness of the loan.

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What does a RAROC above COE imply?

The loan is profitable and adds economic value to the shareholders.

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What does a RAROC below COE imply?

The loan is not profitable and does not add economic value for shareholders.

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Global ALCO

Global Asset Liability Committee. Responsible for setting the target RAROC for different business segments.

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Exempted RAROC Categories

Certain kinds of loans are exempt from the RAROC framework because they're considered low-risk or are regulated differently.

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How is RAROC calculated?

RAROC is calculated by dividing the estimated income from a loan by the capital invested in the loan, after adjusting for expected losses.

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Who sets the threshold for RAROC?

The Global ALCO of the bank decides the minimum acceptable RAROC threshold for profitability.

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Wilful Defaulter

A borrower who intentionally fails to repay their loan.

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Fraud Account

An account created through deception or with the intent to defraud the lender.

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Compromise Settlement

A negotiated agreement where a borrower pays a reduced amount to settle their loan debt.

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Write-off

When a lender removes a loan from their books as a bad debt, accepting a loss.

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Loan Waiver Scheme

A government program that forgives a portion of loans for certain borrowers.

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CIBIL Score

A credit score that assesses an individual's creditworthiness based on their borrowing and repayment history.

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Sanctioning Authority

The person or committee that ultimately approves or denies a loan application.

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Credit Facilities

Various types of loans and credit products offered by a bank.

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Stressed Assets Resolution

Strategies and processes used to manage and resolve loans that are at risk of default.

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Curing Policy

A set of guidelines for helping borrowers who are facing financial difficulties to get back on track.

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Data Quality Management

Ensuring the accuracy and reliability of data used for credit risk management.

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Exit Policy

Plan for exiting a loan or relationship with a borrower, if necessary, due to credit risk.

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What types of loans fall under Bank Finance?

Bank finance covers a wide range of loan categories for different purposes, from financing equipment leasing companies to providing advances against gold ornaments and even granting loans for acquiring small savings instruments like Kisan Vikas Patras.

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What is 'Exposure Norms' in Banking?

Exposure norms are a set of guidelines that define maximum risk limits a bank can take on for specific types of loans or customer segments. These norms are crucial for managing credit risk and maintaining financial stability.

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What are Single/Group Exposure Limits?

These limits set the cap on the maximum a bank can lend to a specific borrower or a group of related borrowers. This helps prevent excessive concentration risk and safeguard the bank's credit portfolio.

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Substantial Exposure Cap

This limit sets the maximum a bank can lend to a single borrower or related borrowers, even across different business units or branches. It's a crucial control to prevent undue concentration risk and protect the bank from significant losses.

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What does 'Capital Market Exposure' cover in banking?

This refers to a bank's involvement in the stock and bond markets, including underwriting securities, providing margin loans, and investing in equities and bonds. The lending limits for these activities are distinct from traditional loan types.

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How does a bank enhance credit supply for large borrowers?

Banks can employ market mechanisms to enhance credit supply for large borrowers. This could include syndication of loans (sharing risk with other banks), securitization (converting loans into marketable securities), or participation in credit lines.

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What is a 'Bridge Loan' in Banking?

A bridge loan acts as a temporary financing solution, providing funds while a borrower waits for permanent financing. These loans are often used during mergers, acquisitions, or to cover project gaps until long-term funding kicks in.

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What is 'Cross Border Lending' in Banking?

Cross border lending refers to banks extending loans across geographic borders. It allows banks to tap into new markets and diversifies their portfolio, but also introduces challenges such as regulatory differences and currency risks.

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Negative Outlook Sectors

Industries with a downward trend in profitability or growth, posing higher risk to banks.

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Exemptions from Rating Threshold

Exceptions to the general policy for certain borrowers, like MSMEs and rural borrowers, with smaller loan amounts.

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Priority Sector Lending Certificate (PSLC)

A certificate traded between banks to meet priority sector lending targets, allowing banks to buy or sell their target progress.

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PSLC Validity

PSLC certificates are valid until March 31st of each year and expire at the end of the financial year.

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PSLC Transfer of Risk

PSLC trading doesn't transfer the underlying credit risk to the buyer; banks only exchange their target progress.

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PSLC Fee

The price for buying or selling PSLCs is determined by market forces, reflecting the supply and demand for these certificates.

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PSLC Lot Size

PSLCs are traded in units of Rs. 25 lakh or multiples thereof, ensuring a minimum value for transactions.

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PSLC Reporting Date

Banks must report their priority sector lending portfolio, including PSLCs, on March 31st of each year.

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Agreement in Principle (AIP)

A preliminary approval required for certain loan proposals, signifying the bank's intention to potentially grant the loan. It's typically needed for borrowers with below-average credit ratings or large loan requests.

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When is AIP Required?

AIP is mandatory when a fresh loan application (Corporate, MSME, or Agriculture) falls outside the Branch Manager's power limit and the borrower's credit rating is below a certain threshold: 'A' for Corporate and 'BBB' for MSME & Agriculture.

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What are the AIP Exemptions?

There are exemptions for AIP in certain cases, like when the borrower has a strong credit rating (A and above for Corporate, BBB and above for MSME & Agriculture) and the loan meets specific conditions like not falling within a negative sector list.

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What is Activity Clearance?

An internal review and approval process within the bank for specific types of loans or exposures. It's a way to ensure these loans are within the bank's risk appetite and comply with regulations.

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What are Category A Activities?

These are considered high-risk activities (e.g., Leasing, Real Estate), requiring Activity Clearance even for smaller loans. Larger loans above a certain limit are automatically approved.

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What are Category B Activities?

These activities are considered less risky than Category A (e.g., Plantation, Liquor). Activity Clearance is only needed up to a certain loan amount. Bigger loans are automatically approved.

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What is Cash Collateral?

A deposit held with the bank as security for a loan. This deposit acts as collateral, safeguarding the bank in case the borrower defaults on the loan.

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What is the Purpose of a Certificate from the Statutory Auditor?

When lending to cooperative banks against their deposits, the auditor ensures that the deposit used as collateral is not part of the cooperative bank's mandatory reserves.

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Loan Compromise Settlement

An agreement where a borrower pays a reduced amount to settle their loan debt, often after facing financial hardship.

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Loan Write-off

When a lender removes a loan from their books as a bad debt, accepting a loss because the borrower is unlikely to repay.

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Fresh Lending to Written-off Borrowers

A bank can consider granting new loans to borrowers whose previous loans were settled under compromise or write-off, but only under very strict conditions.

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AIP Authority Matrix

A table defining which authority level within the bank is responsible for approving In-Principle Approval (AIP) for different credit proposals.

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Activities Not Encouraged

Certain business activities that the bank discourages financing, such as exports to countries without ECGC guarantee cover, or certain risky industries like jelly-filled cable manufacturing.

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Proposal above COCC-CGM

For credit requests exceeding the COCC-CGM's authority, the corporate office level credit committee evaluates the proposal based on its specific merits.

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In-Principle Approval (AIP)

A preliminary, non-binding approval for a loan request, indicating the bank's initial acceptance in principle.

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Credit Limit for AIP

The maximum loan amount that can be approved under the AIP process. This limit varies based on the bank's policy and the authority level.

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Overlapping Authority

When a credit proposal involves multiple authority levels, the authority with the highest discretionary lending power (DLP) has the final say on all aspects of the proposal.

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TAT for AIP

The specified time frame within which the bank must process and respond to an AIP request.

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Category A Activities

High-risk activities (e.g., Leasing, Real Estate) that require Activity Clearance even for smaller loans. Larger loans above a certain limit are automatically approved.

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Category B Activities

Less risky activities than Category A (e.g., Plantation, Liquor). Activity Clearance is only needed up to a certain loan amount. Larger loans are automatically approved.

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Cash Collateral

A deposit held with the bank as security for a loan. This deposit acts as collateral, safeguarding the bank in case the borrower defaults on the loan.

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What is loan compromise settlement?

An agreement where a borrower pays a reduced amount to settle their loan debt, often after facing financial hardship.

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What is the AIP Authority Matrix?

A table that defines which authority level within the bank is responsible for approving In-Principle Approval (AIP) for different credit proposals.

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What happens if a proposal exceeds the COCC-CGM's authority?

Proposals that exceed the COCC-CGM's authority are reviewed by the corporate office level credit committee, who will evaluate it on its individual merits.

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Personal Guarantee

When a borrower's personal assets are pledged as security for a loan, making them personally liable for repayment.

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No Dues Certificate

A document confirming that all outstanding payments and obligations to a bank or institution are cleared.

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Exposure Norms

Guidelines that set limits on the maximum risk a bank can take on for specific loans or customer segments.

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Single/Group Exposure Limits

Limits on the maximum amount a bank can lend to a single borrower or a group of related borrowers, preventing excessive concentration risk.

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Compulsory Industrial Licensing

Certain industries require a license from the government to operate, ensuring safety and quality standards. Examples include alcohol manufacturing, explosives production, and hazardous chemicals.

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Credit Rating Matrix

A system used by banks to classify borrowers based on their creditworthiness, helping to manage risk and allocate capital effectively.

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Internal Rating

A bank's own assessment of a borrower's creditworthiness based on its internal analysis and data.

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External Rating

An independent assessment of a borrower's creditworthiness by external rating agencies based on their analysis of the borrower's financial condition and risk.

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Priority Sector Lending (PSL)

Loans granted to specific sectors like agriculture, small businesses, and low-income groups to promote economic growth and social inclusion.

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PSLC (Priority Sector Lending Certificate)

A certificate traded between banks to meet their PSL targets, allowing them to buy or sell their progress towards these goals.

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AIP (Agreement in Principle)

A preliminary approval for a loan request, signifying the bank's intention to potentially grant the loan.

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Internal Rating (BOB)

A bank's internal assessment of a borrower's creditworthiness, classified from BOB 1 (best) to BOB 7 (worst).

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Target Share in Incremental Business

The desired percentage of new loans a bank wants to allocate to borrowers within different rating categories to balance risk and profitability.

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CMR-CIBIL MSME Ratings

External credit ratings provided by CIBIL, a credit information bureau, for Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs).

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CreditVision Algorithm

A CIBIL tool that analyzes MSME data to predict risk and aid in lending decisions.

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Shortfall Compensation

A bank can over-allocate loans to higher-rated borrowers to compensate for a shortfall in lower-rated borrowers.

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Progress Report Requirement

Banks need to regularly report their lending progress based on rating categories to the Risk Management Department (RMD).

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Credit Risk Matrix - Retail

A framework used to analyze lending risks in the retail segment, focusing on different customer categories and their associated risk levels.

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Well-Diversified Portfolio (Retail)

A retail lending portfolio with loans spread across different customer types and risk levels to minimize overall risk.

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Study Notes

Global Credit Exposure Management Policy 2024

  • This document outlines the Bank of Baroda's policy for managing global credit exposures.
  • The policy covers various aspects of credit risk, governance, and credit strategy
  • This policy applies globally to all types of credit exposures, both at stand-alone and consolidated levels.
  • Consolidated exposures are based on the Banking Group entities as per RBI guidelines.
  • Individual group entities follow specific Credit Policies approved by their respective Boards
  • The policy details credit risk exposures for corporate and institutional credit, MSME, rural/agricultural and retail lending businesses.
  • It outlines credit delivery channels, expansion planning, and the process of launching credit-related products
  • The policy covers Credit Risk Strategy, target sectors/markets, priority sector lending, activity clearance, and credit rating matrices
  • It includes a breakdown of restricted exposures, including defaulters, fraud accounts, and loans to directors of the bank

Governance Structure

  • The policy outlines the governance structure for managing credit risk, including the Board of Directors, Risk Management Committee of the Board (RMCB), Credit Policy Committee (CPC), and Product & Process Approval Committee (PPAC)
  • The roles and responsibilities of each committee are described in the document.

Credit Governance and Segmentation

  • The document outlines criteria for classifying customers based on credit risk exposure, specifically categorizing corporate/institutional, MSME, rural/agricultural, and retail lending.
  • It details regulatory requirements and other guidelines.

Credit Process

  • It describes the credit approval process, facility structure, and the process for handling applications and processing thereof.
  • Specific guidelines are provided for working capital, project loans, and other credit facilities.
  • Detailed procedures for due diligence, security valuation, and security perfection are mentioned.

Monitoring and Control

  • The document details three lines of defence for credit risk management, including the responsibilities of various departments such as Customer Relationship, Risk Management, and Audit.
  • Specific guidelines are provided for reviewing, monitoring, and managing credit limits.
  • Methods and tools for reviewing and monitoring credit exposures within the bank are highlighted.

Reporting of Breaches

  • Procedures for reporting breaches of credit policy are included.
  • The policy outlines the responsibilities and actions to take in the event of any breaches or violations.

Training and Development

  • The policy emphasizes training for staff involved in credit risk management, including periodic training, and skill development plans for staff.
  • The policy highlights the importance of maintaining and monitoring data.

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Description

Explore the Bank of Baroda's comprehensive policy for managing global credit exposures in 2024. This framework addresses aspects of credit risk, governance, and strategies applicable to various lending sectors including corporate and rural credit. Gain insights into credit delivery channels and compliance with RBI guidelines.

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