Global Climate Change: Impacts and Future Projections

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Questions and Answers

What recent changes to Earth's climate are primarily driven by human emissions?

  • Increased ocean salinity
  • Shrinking glaciers and ice sheets (correct)
  • Stabilized weather patterns
  • Decreased volcanic activity

What is a projected outcome if greenhouse gas emissions continue to rise?

  • Absence of droughts and wildfires
  • Permanent restoration of ice sheets
  • Increased heatwaves and climate extremes (correct)
  • Complete stabilization of global temperatures

According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, what is true about the current changes in climate?

  • They have been well predicted and are manageable
  • They are unprecedented and some are irreversible (correct)
  • They are temporary and reversible within a year
  • They are primarily caused by natural phenomena

What is the expected rise in global average temperature in the coming decades?

<p>About 1.5 degrees C (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do near-term mitigation actions influence the risks associated with climate change?

<p>They are essential to reducing future climate extremes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the implication of delaying global action against climate change?

<p>It risks missing the opportunity for a livable future (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What major factor determines the severity of future climate change effects?

<p>Total amount of carbon dioxide emitted (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these statements is true regarding the connection between human activity and climate change?

<p>Human activities are the primary drivers of climate change (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How have rising global temperatures altered natural environmental conditions according to current observations?

<p>Natural environmental conditions such as glaciers shrinking, earlier ice breakup, and earlier blooming of plants have been altered.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What types of extreme weather events are accelerating faster than previously assessed?

<p>Droughts, wildfires, and extreme rainfall events are accelerating faster than previously assessed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between human greenhouse gas emissions and the global temperature increase since the late 19th century?

<p>Human greenhouse gas emissions have contributed to a nearly 2 degrees Fahrenheit (1.1 degrees Celsius) increase in global temperature since 1850-1900.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What action can potentially mitigate the worst effects of climate change according to the provided information?

<p>Reducing greenhouse gas emissions can potentially mitigate the worst effects of climate change.</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to scientists, what long-term impacts are associated with current climate changes?

<p>Current climate changes may lead to irreversible impacts over hundreds to thousands of years.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the likely outcome if human activities continue on the same path regarding climate change?

<p>If human activities continue, it is likely that climate extremes and damaging effects will escalate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the IPCC assess the confidence in the predictions related to climate change?

<p>The IPCC has high confidence that global temperatures will continue to rise due to human emissions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the broad implications of failing to take action against climate change according to the text?

<p>Failing to take action risks missing the rapidly closing window to secure a livable future.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Global Climate Change

Widespread environmental changes caused by human-produced greenhouse gases.

Greenhouse Gases

Gases in Earth's atmosphere that trap heat, leading to a warming effect.

Observed Climate Changes

Changes in Earth's climate, such as shrinking glaciers, earlier ice breakups, and shifting plant/animal ranges, already seen.

Irreversible Changes

Climate effects that cannot be undone within the next few hundred to thousand years.

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Sea Level Rise

The increasing of global sea levels due to melting ice and thermal expansion of water.

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Mitigation and Adaptation

Actions to lessen climate change effects and adapt to conditions changing.

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IPCC

United Nations body assessing climate change science.

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Future Climate Impacts

Predicted adverse outcomes of global warming, becoming more intensified as temperatures rise.

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Ongoing Climate Change

Global warming caused by human emissions isn't future problem. Its effects are already widespread and noticeable across the environment, such as glacier shrinkage and changing plant/animal ranges.

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Irreversible Climate Adjustments

Certain effects of global warming—like some sea level rise—cannot be reversed within the next few centuries, highlighting the urgency of the crisis.

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Human-caused Warming

Human activities, primarily emissions of greenhouse gases, are the main driver of the current global temperature increase.

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Critically High Temperatures

Expected global warming is likely to surpass 1.5 degrees Celsius (around 3 degrees Fahrenheit) within the coming decades, which will lead to further significant climate impacts.

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Climate Change Impacts

Global climate shifts affect each region, but the severity of impacts is linked to the path of future human activities and subsequent emissions.

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Extreme Climate Events

Changes in weather patterns are increasing in frequency and severity, including droughts, wildfires, and intense rainfall, with potentially damaging effects.

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Urgent Global Action Needed

To ensure a sustainable future, global collective action is necessary to curb emissions and adapt to the changing environment.

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Future Climate Dependence

Future climate outcomes strongly depend on how much carbon dioxide humans emit, with more emissions leading to more extreme conditions and adverse effects.

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Study Notes

Global Climate Change: Present and Future Impacts

  • Global climate change is already affecting the environment, not a future problem.
  • Glaciers/ice sheets are shrinking, ice on rivers/lakes breaking up earlier.
  • Plant and animal ranges shifting, early plant/tree blooming.
  • Predicted effects are occurring: sea ice loss, accelerated sea level rise, intense/longer heat waves.
  • Change rate is faster than assessed.
  • Changes are irreversible over centuries/millennia (IPCC).
  • Observed climate changes unprecedented in human history (IPCC).

Magnitude & Rate of Change

  • Climate change and associated risks depend on near-term mitigation/adaptation.
  • Adverse impacts, losses, and damages increase with temperature increases.
  • Global temperatures expected to rise for decades (due to human activities).
  • Global average temperature expected to reach or exceed 1.5 degrees Celsius within the few decades.

Temperature Increase

  • Human emissions warmed climate nearly 2 degrees Fahrenheit (1.1 degrees Celsius) since 1850-1900 (IPCC 6th Assessment).
  • Projected temperature to rise about 3 degrees Fahrenheit (1.5 degrees Celsius) in next few decades.

Future Effects and Mitigation

  • Severity of effects depends on human activity.
  • Higher emissions mean more extremes and widespread damage.
  • Future effects depend on total carbon dioxide emissions.
  • Reducing emissions may avoid worst effects.
  • Delaying global action risks an unlivable future.
  • Scientific evidence is unequivocal: climate change threatens human well-being and the planet.

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