Global and Korean Smart City Cases

• Module 3 introduces global and Korean smart city cases, focusing on "Green", "Smart", "Development", and "Value" components.

Background Information

• Module 1 classified smart city development projects by urban development, operation, and regeneration.
• Smart city service characteristics include smart mobility, infrastructure, healthcare, and energy, etc.
• Module 2 identified three phases of smart city technology implementation: infrastructure, data, and services.
• Technologies like 5G, Cloud, Blockchain, Big Data, VR/AR, and AI are used in smart city development.

Smart City Classifications

• Real-world smart city cases are classified into Green, Smart, Development, and Value categories.
• The module showcases implemented Smart City cases categorized by these four types, representing different phases of technology, projects, and services.

Learning Objectives

• Explain goals for each smart city project's values.
• Describe existing smart city project strategies in the EU, Asia, and the US.
• Generate ideas for new Smart Cities.

"Green" Cases

• Green cases focus on environmental and energy components in smart cities.
• Juniper Research found smart city applications could cut global CO2 emissions by 164 million metric tons (MMT) over five years.
• This emission reduction is equivalent to removing emissions from 35 million vehicles annually.
• Smart cities can solve global environmental problems through strategic implementations.

"Green" Cases - 'Growsmarter' Project

• The EU initiated the 'Growsmarter' project to promote R&D for sustainable and eco-friendly city development to solve environmental issues.
• 'Lighthouse Cities' was implemented with smart and business pilot solutions to serve as an example to other cities.
• The 'Growsmart' project contains 12 smart city solutions in low-energy districts, integrated infrastructures, and sustainable urban mobility.
• These solutions are developed through global partnerships.

"Green" Cases - 'Growsmarter' Project in Cologne, Germany

• Cologne, Germany is a Lighthouse City for the Growsmarter project and is the fourth-largest city in Germany.
• The city has committed to the EU's goal of a 20% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by 2020.
• The city is also aiming for a 20% increase in renewable energy share and a 20% increase in energy efficiency based on 1990 levels.
• Mobility stations, E-bike sharing, E-car sharing, and shared parking in GrowSmarter have improved traffic flows in Cologne.
• KVB, the public transportation company, plans to buy more bicycles to expand operating zones.

"Green" Cases - 'Eco2city' Project

• The EU's Eco2city project is related to the delivery system and aims to address environmental issues.
• Over 5 billion parcels are delivered annually in Europe by over 25,000 online shopping malls and courier companies.
• Annual CO2 emissions from urban logistics movements are 3.63 kt.
• The project aims to reduce CO2 emissions by controlling logistics and traffic.
• A last-mile delivery system called ‘City logistics’ is being tested.

"Green" Cases - 'Eco2city' Project in the Netherlands

• The project uses the international standard logistics label 'GS1' to promote efficiency.
• A logistics hub called 'Good hub' allows the use of big data.
• GS1 is an international standard identifier for data exchange between countries and logistics carriers.
• Eco2city's Goodhub shares physical, financial, and information flows of logistics.
• 16 cities in the Netherlands are testing Goodhub to solve traffic and CO2 emissions problems through data sharing.

"Green" Cases - 'E-mobility' Project, in Latin America and the Caribbean

• UNEP helps member states and stakeholders achieve SDGs on cities.
• There's a focus on housing, basic services, transport, urbanization, public spaces, buildings, environmental impact, resource efficiency, and disaster risk reduction.
• Priorities include a sustainable consumption and production roadmap and upstream interventions to reduce pollution and waste.
• LAC region has conditions favorable for electric mobility adoption due to renewable energy capacity.
• High public transport usage and greenhouse gas emissions led countries to prioritize the transport sector in Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs).
• A study showed replacing bus and taxi fleets with electric vehicles in 22 Latin American cities could save US$64 billion by 2030.
• This would also cut 300 million tons of CO2 equivalent and prevent 36,500 premature deaths.

"Smart" Cases

• Smart cases include new services in smart cities using smart technologies.
• The global smart city market is expected to grow at a CAGR of over 22% until 2022, according to Technavio.
• This growth is driven by AI, VR/AR, and IoT.
• An incremental growth of approximately $1.42 billion is expected from 2017 to 2022.

"Smart" Cases - Singapore

• Singapore launched "Virtual Singapore" with a vision for a "Smart Country."
• The project uses digital twins technology, integrating IoT, AI, machine learning, software analytics, and spatial network graphs.
• Digital twins create living digital simulation models that update and change with their physical counterparts.
• The project aims to improve the quality of life for Singaporeans.
• Singapore uses digital twins technology to visualize a 3D environment and simulate urban planning.

"Smart" Cases - Hangzhou, China

• Hangzhou announced the 'Citybrain' project with Alibaba's Cloud system in 2017.
• Hangzhou uses the Cloud system and smart technologies to manage urban infrastructure and solve urban problems.
• The 2018 Hangzhou Alibaba Competition announced the 'City Brain 2.0 plan.'
• This plan optimizes urban public resources via data.
• Hangzhou partnered with Alibaba, applying Alipay in most stores and taxis.

"Development" Cases

• Development cases deal with vitalized urban areas and the development of residential areas or start-up businesses sites.
• Purchasing power enhances businesses, and startups drive innovation by forming new industry districts.
• Innovation centers bridge research and technology commercialization.
• They cover technology development stages that universities and enterprises can't address alone.

"Development" Cases - Paris, France

• Station F innovation center is located in Paris.
• Xavier Niel renovated an abandoned railway station, which had been left unattended for 20 years, into a top startup campus.
• It includes Zone Share for networking, Zone Create for offices, and Zone Chill for restaurants and amenities.
• It has created an Integrated Start-up Ecosystem in Paris and aims to establish Smart City.
• Station F empowers small and medium-sized entrepreneurs, provides services, fosters skilled workers, and enhances international cooperation.

"Development" Cases - Korean Smart City Projects

• The Korean government implemented a National Pilot Smart City project.
• The project integrates technologies related to the Fourth Industrial Revolution into sites without development plans.
• The Ministry of Science and ICT selected Daegu Metropolitan City and Siheung City in Gyeonggi Province as R&D cities and data-based smart cities.
• The smart campus of Seoul National University in Siheung is specified as one of the pilot smart cities.
• The smart campus of Seoul National University in Siheung serves as a hub for big data, innovation, and smart technology.
• The campus includes a technology R&D center, testbed, innovation center, and city lab to serve as a smart city platform.

"Value" Cases

• Value cases focus on regenerating underdeveloped industrial and residential areas using smart city components.
• Urban regeneration is used to address urban decay in cities.
• The module discusses urban regeneration programs with smart city elements.

"Value" Cases - Poblenou, Barcelona, Spain

• The first case is the Poblenou district in Barcelona, Spain.
• Spain started the 22@Barcelona Project with strategies for city sustainability and knowledge-intense activities.
• Aims to increase activities like media, ICT, energy, and medtech.
• The 22nd district (Poblenou) promoted core leading industries like media, ICT, energy, and Medtech.
• The goal is to simultaneously upgrade the structure and reorganize infrastructure.

"Value" Cases - Pittsburgh, US

• Pittsburgh's steel plants declined due to cheap foreign steel imports and the collapse of U.S. automobile manufacturing.
• Steel plants were underdeveloped, creating a grim atmosphere.
• Pittsburgh revitalized its economy by transforming into a city with entrepreneurship and attracting young citizens.
• Carnegie Mellon University increased R&D investment.
• In December 2017, VentureBeat listed Pittsburg as one of "4 U.S. tech hubs to watch in 2018", signaling its transformation as a good place for small businesses.
• Southside Works, the former steel factory, was transformed into a cultural complex and park.

"Value" Cases - Seoul, Korea

• Seoul aims to be a city where "all live well together."
• From the 1950s to the early 2000s, Seoul experienced rapid industrialization and growth.
• This led to a rapid population increase and large-scale expansion of the city.
• Cheonggyecheon river area was been regenerated.
• The Cheonggyecheon regeneration project turned the river into a cultural and resting place upgraded with smart street lighting.

Conclusion

• Green cases enhance sustainability and quality of life.
• Smart cases solve urban problems with smart technologies.
• Development cases provide growth engines, innovation, and young citizens.
• Value cases support Green, Smart, and Development by regenerating cities and enhancing quality of life.
• Smart city projects should consider all these values.
• Values can be specialized to a city's circumstances, however all case components should not be totally excluded.
• Module 4 will address Smart City masterplans.