20 Questions
What is the function of the trigger (integrative) component of a neuron?
Generating the action potential
Which component of a neuron is responsible for propagating the action potential?
Conductile component
Which type of neuron has one process that gives rise to many branches?
Unipolar
What is the role of the nodes of Ranvier in the conduction of the action potential?
They allow for saltatory conduction
Which component of a neuron is responsible for the release of neurotransmitters?
Output component
What determines the intensity of the graded local signal produced by the input component of a neuron?
Stimulus intensity
Which type of neuron has two processes, a dendrite and an axon?
Bipolar
What is the role of the input component of a neuron?
Receiving information to be propagated
Which type of neuron has two processes that both function as axons?
Pseudounipolar
Which type of neuron has an axon and many dendrites?
Multipolar
Which cells produce myelin in the central nervous system?
Oligodendrocytes
Which cells produce myelin in the peripheral nervous system?
Schwann Cells
Which cells line the ventricles and choroid plexus in the central nervous system?
Ependyma/Choroidal Cells
Which cells respond to injury, infection, or disease in the central nervous system?
Microglia
Which cells become activated in diseases such as Multiple Sclerosis, AIDS-related dementia, Parkinson’s disease, and Alzheimer’s disease?
Microglia
Which cells influence embryonic growth or retraction of neurites?
Astrocytes
Which cells regulate the concentration of potassium in the extracellular space?
Astrocytes
Which cells possess neurotransmitter receptors?
Astrocytes
Which cells form end feet on CNS capillaries inducing tight junctions that create the blood-brain barrier?
Astrocytes
Which cells support neuronal function and structure in the central nervous system?
Microglia
Study Notes
Neuron Function and Structure
- The trigger (integrative) component of a neuron receives and integrates signals from other neurons.
- The axon is responsible for propagating the action potential.
- Unipolar neurons have one process that gives rise to many branches.
Cell Functions and Characteristics
- Nodes of Ranvier are responsible for the rapid conduction of the action potential.
- The terminal buttons release neurotransmitters.
- The intensity of the graded local signal produced by the input component of a neuron is determined by the strength and number of synaptic inputs.
- Bipolar neurons have two processes, a dendrite and an axon.
- Multipolar neurons have an axon and many dendrites.
- Oligodendrocytes produce myelin in the central nervous system.
- Schwann cells produce myelin in the peripheral nervous system.
Glial Cells
- Ependymal cells line the ventricles and choroid plexus in the central nervous system.
- Microglia respond to injury, infection, or disease in the central nervous system.
- Microglia become activated in diseases such as Multiple Sclerosis, AIDS-related dementia, Parkinson’s disease, and Alzheimer’s disease.
- Astrocytes influence embryonic growth or retraction of neurites.
- Astrocytes regulate the concentration of potassium in the extracellular space.
- Astrocytes possess neurotransmitter receptors.
- Astrocytes form end feet on CNS capillaries inducing tight junctions that create the blood-brain barrier.
- Astrocytes support neuronal function and structure in the central nervous system.
Test your knowledge on Glia Cells and their role in the central nervous system! This quiz covers topics such as the functions and structure of glia cells, the relationship between glia cells and neurons, and the activation of microglia in response to injury and disease. See how much you know about these important components of the nervous system!
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